The next morning Grierson's 1st Brigade advanced and came under fire from Confederate skirmishers, including Burke's Battalion, which was ensconced in a stockade east of the rail line. In the case of the 4th USVI, more than a tenth of its recruits slipped away from the regiment before it even arrived at its first frontier outpost. The experiment of enlisting prisoners became a concern for the U.S. War Department, and policies surrounding this practice continually changed. She has authored several articles and has contributed to both All that stood between the raiders and the vital 1,000-foot long river crossing that connected the territories of Oregon and Montana was a detachment of 120 lightly armed troops. por: Brown, Dee Alexander Publicado: (1963) The Galvanized Yankees. And theirs is one of the more curious stories of the American Civil War. Heavily outnumbered, the defenders withdrew to the relative safety of the bridge and continued the fight from there. For a brief picture of Galvanized Yankees sent to Ft. Rice in the Dakota Territories from Point Lookout Camp for Confederate Prisoners in Maryland read, Cottages: A Chesapeake Bay Novel by Paula Farrar. [12][n 8] Four companies were present at Fort Rice, along with two companies of the 4th U.S.V.I., when a large force of Lakota and Cheyenne[n 9] led by Sitting Bull attacked for three hours on July 28, 1865, making away with the entire horse herd and killing two soldiers. He drilled his former Confederates & Unionist Louisiana volunteers into a first-rate regiment. The two companies marched to. The Galvanized Yankees by D.Alexander Drown. While awaiting supplies, the battalion joined in pursuit of Quantrill's Raiders following the Lawrence Massacre. Some stories had potential but just didn't seem to go anywhere. But in January 1864, prisoners held at the overcrowded holding camp at Point Lookout, Maryland were invited to join the Federal army, under the proviso that they wouldnt be required to fight their former comrades. Butts, Michele Tucker Fall 2003. Answer (1 of 3): There were a lot of Confederate soldiers who switched sides. Some in the North tried to enlist Confederate prisoners almost from the wars outset. For most of the Galvanized Yankees, there was little left in the South to return home to, though some went back to rebuild their homes and careers, while others decided to remain in the West, with the chance to start new lives on the American frontier. The story is quite episodic, so dont expect a flowing, narrative tale. Vol. Conditions were hard over the winter, and fully 11% of the command died of illness, primarily scurvy. Approximately 5,600 former Confederate soldiers enlisted in the "United States Volunteers", organised into six regiments of infantry between January 1864 and November 1866. [n 5]. The pejorative term "Galvanized Yankees" was meant to imply that former Confederate soldiers were traitorous Johnny Rebs beneath the galvanized veneer of a Union uniform. The majority of prisoners who enlisted came from Rock Island, Alton, Camp Douglas, traveled by ship to New York City,[n 7] and by train to Chicago, where it received further orders splitting the regiment. Though he befriended Two Bears of the Yanktonai Sioux, he made the mistake of considering Two Bears enemies to be his own. Learn how your comment data is processed. Pennsylvania was the home state of Lincoln's opponent General. This book was released on 2012-10-23 with total page 421 pages. Amazingly, a handful of turncoats did eventually fight against their Confederate brethren. Commanded by Lt. Col. Garrett Andrews, Jr., formerly a major on the staff of Maj. Gen. Events in the Eastern Theater of the Civil War continually overshadowed events in the American West. I have a Civil War pension filing for a suspected Carolina ancestor stating his service as E 49 U.S. Volunteer Infantry. Can anyone clarify where he would have been recruited from? About six thousand eventually did so, serving between 1864 and 1866. The Lincoln Administration wished to avoid any legal wrangles over the prisoner cartel that might be construed as recognition of the Confederacy as a legitimate government. Unauthorized use and/or duplication of any material on this site without expressand written permission from the author and/or owner is strictly prohibited. Publication date 1963 Collection inlibrary; printdisabled; internetarchivebooks Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Internet Archive Language English. [n 15] was enlisted at the Alton and Camp Douglas prisoner camps in Illinois in March and April 1865 as a three-year regiment, then ordered to Fort Leavenworth on April 28, 1865, at the urging of Maj. Gen. Grenville Dodge, commanding general of the Department of the Missouri. This book looks at a remarkable group of men who history has all but forgotten. Donate . There has not been much written since then so this remains the primary . The "Atchafalaya Expedition," conducted by. [38], On the evening of December 27, 1864, six members of Burke's Battalion deserted and made their way into the Union lines, where they reported the presence of the former prisoners and the likelihood that they would not resist any Union attack. Related to me: 3rd cousin 4 x removed. Six regiments of U.S. 143145, 152, 159, 161. prisoner of war camp at Point Lookout, Maryland, Department of Virginia and North Carolina, 1st Regiment Cavalry, Connecticut Volunteers, 3rd Regiment Cavalry, Maryland Volunteers, Provisional Army of the Confederate States, List of United States Volunteer Civil War units, https://www.nps.gov/ande/learn/historyculture/grant-and-the-prisoner-exchange.htm, "Trading Gray for Blue: Ex-Confederates Hold the Upper Missouri for the Union", Multivolume complete edition of letters to and from Grant, Brooks' Battalion of Foreigners: A story of desperation, mutiny, and bravery, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Galvanized_Yankees&oldid=1141739477, Military units and formations of the Union Army, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Born in, Col. Christopher H. McNally, born in England, was commissioned in the, The 3rd U.S.V.I. An interesting book by a very readable author relating the adventures of a body of men sometimes regarded as turncoats by their comrades. Confederate prisoners captured at Fishers Hill, Virginia. My book will present a more comprehensive view of the topic. He was only eighteen years old. my great grandfather james calvin robins was in the 6th us volunteers. Well written and edited, with a good index. Companies H, I, and K garrisoned Fort Lyon until October 1866, when Gen. William T. Sherman closed the post for deplorable living conditions. Brown mentioned them several times in Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee and this book, written in 1963, was the first book length examination of the Galvanized Yankees. Very cool. Gen. Benjamin Grierson. General Benjamin Butler's jurisdiction included Point Lookout, and he advised Stanton that more prisoners could be recruited for the Army than the Navy. Considered traitors by their Southern comrades, these reluctant Union-men became known as white-washed rebels or even galvanized Yankees a reference to the process in which steel is surface-treated to prevent corrosion. Instead, they were sent west to keep the mail routes and roads open and safe from raiding Indians. Paperback First Edition Thus (1963); unstated. The matter was then referred to President Lincoln, who gave verbal authorization on January 2, 1864, and formal authorization on March 5 to raise the 1st United States Volunteer Infantry for three years' service without restrictions as to use. On April 6, 1865, the remaining 40 former Confederates of the company transferred to the U.S. After spending a harsh winter on the prairries, in July of 1865, the 1st USVI repelled an attack on Fort Rice by Cheyenne and Lakota Sioux led by Sitting Bull himself. Alas, he died about two months later in a Philadelphia hospital and I would like to find out more about where he would be buried. Book excerpt: The little-known true Civil War story of the Confederate soldiers who served in the Union Army by a #1 New York Times-bestselling . It was the 3rds first taste of combat as a unit. Companies saw periodic duty at Fort McPherson, Nebraska; Fort Collins, Colorado; and Fort John Buford, Wyoming. At the end of hostilities it was assigned to the Department of Mississippi and garrisoned Natchez, Mississippi, through the summer of 1865. The 10th Tennessee Regiment ("Sons of Erin") was organized at. Galvanized Yankees was a term from the American Civil War denoting former Confederate prisoners of war who swore allegiance to the United States and joined the Union Army. They have cheerfully re-enlisted into the federal service. The Galvanized Yankees is written by Dee Brown and published by Open Road Media. All that stood between the raiders and the vital 1,000-foot long river crossing that connected the territories of Oregon and Montana was a detachment of 120 lightly armed troops. From Fort Leavenworth the unit marched to Fort Riley, and stationed companies there and at Salem, Fort Ellsworth, Fort Larned, Fort Zarah and Fort Scott, Kansas. Life at Fort Rice proved to be a challenge, as the post had not been fully completed and its buildings being made of cottonwood, a very inferior material. From 1864 to 1866 six regiments of Galvanized Yankees fought Indians, escorted supply trains along the Oregon and Sante Fe trails, accompanied expeditions, guarded surveying parties for the Union Pacific Railroad, and manned lonely outposts on the frontier. Regiments containing former Confederates were not trusted to go into battle against their former comrades, and instead were sent to the West as outpost guardians, where they performed frontier duties, including escorting supply trains, rebuilding telegraph lines, and quelling uprisings from regional American Indian tribes, which were sweeping across the Plains. Six companies proceeded to St. Louis, Missouri, where they boarded the steamboat Effie Deans and headed for their new home at Fort Rice in present-day North Dakota. Gen. Nathan Bedford Forrest's dismounted cavalry encamped at Verona on Christmas Day. GALVANIZED YANKEES were Confederate soldiers imprisoned during the Civil War but granted their freedom in exchange for an oath of allegiance to the United States and enlistment in the Union army. (O.R. (Brown 1863 p. 183). Worst of all was the uninterrupted immigration of new settlers, which eventually forced the Sioux to give up nearly 900,000 acres of their reservation lands for 30 cents an acre. his journey started in feb 1862 when he enlisted in the 25th arkansas infantry in st charles,ar. The Galvanized soldiers turned from fighting a war to divide the United States and joined a cause that endeavored to expand and strengthen the nation. The Galvanized Yankees: The little-known and awe-inspiring true story of a group of captured Confederate soldiers who chose to serve in the Union Army rather than endure the grim conditions of prisoner of war camps. We are committed to providing you with reliable and efficient service at . The author throws in a short conversation of Galvanized Confederates as well. It would have been a bit more reader friendly if it would have been possible to follow a few key individuals and feature them more than the units themselves. They made the journey from New York with surprisingly few desertions, surviving on salt pork, hardtack, coffee, and whatever water they could find. An interesting summary of a lesser-known aspect of the Civil War. A fascinating book! The soldiers weapon, the Springfield rifle, was ineffective against the Sioux, as it was a single-shot muzzle-loader that required fifteen seconds to reload. Title: The Galvanized Yankees. It is an interesting story, with a wide variety of quality and problems that faced them. Disease seriously depleted the ranks of the regiment, and in December 1864, the 3rd Maryland Cavalry consolidated into a six-company battalion. 8, 142143). Lot of 4 - Vintage The Galvanized Yankees, Third Alabama, Orphan Brigade,Cavalr y. he received a regular commission as a 1st lieutenant in the 18th Infantry. [36] A concerted recruiting effort began on October 12 and continued to the end of the war. Once in federal custody, a number of these former Union soldiers sought to rejoin their old regiments. Condition Used Edition First Edition Thus (1963); unstated. Despite pressure to try the prisoners for desertion or even treason, eventually those taken in rebel uniform were eventually allowed to enlist in the USVI regiments as galvanized Yankees. [n 10] Their muster out in July 1865 was canceled and in October, they were ordered to build and garrison Fort Fletcher, Kansas, and man two outposts at Monument Station and Ponds Creek Station, also in Kansas, to protect the new Butterfield Overland Despatch stagecoach route. he was with this unit until the fall of atlanta in sep 1864. he was sent to camp douglas where he swallowed the dog and joined the 6th us volunteers and was sent to the colorado territory. A young officer who had caught Butler's eye during his Louisiana sojourn, Col. Charles A. R. Dimon was put in command of 2nd Louisiana Volunteers. [34][35], Confederate recruitment of Union prisoners of war was authorized by Confederate Secretary of War James A. Seddon on September 30, 1864, after inquires from Gen. Braxton Bragg to recruit foreign-born prisoners. [n 11] was not organized until February 1865. Giving these men an opportunity to exchange the horrors of the wars POW camps for the danger of fighting native Americans attracted many prisoners. Afterward, Galvanized soldiers were shunned in the South and neglected by the Grand Army of the Republic. arrived at Fort Kearny on the date that, Lt. Col. Charles C.G. The Galvanized Yankees by Dee Alexander Brown, 1986, University of Nebraska Press edition, in English. There were the equivalent of up to 8 whole regiments of soldiers recruited from southern POW ranks, with 5 regiments actually being considered official under the USVI (United States Volunteer Infantry) program. Their unusual story is one of the least known and most ironic tales of the American West. [7] On September 1, Lincoln approved 1,750 more Confederate recruits in order to bolster his election chances in Pennsylvania, enough to form two more regiments, to be sent to the frontier to fight American Indians. Companies A, F, G, and I of the 1st U.S.V.I. In 1863, however, the prisoner exchange system had broken down, causing prison camps to become permanent areas of incarceration, where growing numbers of men had no hope of release until the end of the war. They garrisoned frontier forts which were low on manpower at a time of general unrest among American Indians and were stationed along the Missouri River and Oregon and Santa Fe Trails. Another 800 rebel prisoners were absorbed into various state regiments from Northern prison camps. ''Galvanized'' Yankees American Civil War 1 min By Crusader1307 The term ''Galvanized Yankees'' was a somewhat derogatory term applied to former Confederate Soldiers, captured and imprisoned by Union Forces. Confined to Ft. Mifflin, PA. December, 1863, took the Oath of Allegiance and joined the US Marine Corps. William Tamblyn, and posted respectively at, Col. Andrew Patrick Caraher commanded the 2nd U.S. Volunteer Infantry. mustered out at Fort Leavenworth on May 22, 1866, after 25 months of active service, the longest service of any of the "galvanized Yankees. He also explains how and why this happened. Major General Dodge recommended on March 5, 1865, that all the former Union soldiers as well as a number of Confederate troops be enlisted in the U.S. Though the situation remained tense, life at Fort Rice improved in small ways. Dorris Alexander Dee Brown (19082002) was a celebrated author of both fiction and nonfiction, whose classic study. About 7000 POWs took advantage of this offer, mostly sent to areas far removed from the major battles of the time. Little is known about his experiences as a soldier, only that he was a member of Hoke's Brigade of the 54th North Carolina Regiment. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . I discovered the Galvanized Yankee connection because a librarian kept insisting to me the pension record of my family member was for a Federal pension, Since I now know of unit designations of the Galvanized Yankee Units, I have found another family member who was also a Galvanized Yankee. The Digital and eTextbook ISBNs for The Galvanized Yankees are 9781453274170, 1453274170 and the print ISBNs are 9780803260757, 080326075X. The young Colonel quickly learned that not all the Indians around the fort were as friendly as Two Bears, and soldiers were frequently ambushed and mutilated. [n 12] was authorized at the Rock Island prisoner camp in October 1864 as a one-year regiment but not organized until February 1865. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. The Galvanized Yankees by Brown, Dee and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. I also came across the Galvanized Yankees while researching my Southern family history. It was also the only unit to travel to New Mexico. Brown (1963), pp. [37], In October 1864, John G. O'Neill, colonel of the 10th Tennessee Regiment (Irish Volunteers),[n 28] was authorized to recruit Union prisoners at Andersonville and Millen, Georgia, to replenish the depleted ranks of the regiment. The following May, the Confederate Congress passed a joint resolution suspending exchange of black Union soldiers and their white officers, and ordering that they instead be put on trial and punished. 205206). Galvanized Yankees were Confederate prisoners of war who joined the Union Army and went west to fight Indians. The term galvanized rebels or Yankees was coined by Samuel Bowles, a newspaper reporter, referring to galvanized metal, which turns colors when coated with zinc. Volunteers, serving in Minnesota. There has not been much written since then so this remains the primary source of information. In this case, about POWs from the Confederacy who were enlisted in the service of the US Army in order to fight against the Indians in the west. Volunteers were formed between early 1864 and June of 1865 and served under 23-year-old Colonel Charles Dimon. [n 30] In October and November 1864 O'Neill and Burke enlisted more than 250 soldiers of a number of Union regiments. Some units suffered high desertion rates. Summary: A collection of articles tracing the history of the Western frontier from early settlements to the Battle of Wounded Knee. (Brown 1963 pp. was the most traveled of the "galvanized Yankee" units in its 20 months of service on the plains, operating in five districts and at every post in Colorado, Nebraska, and Kansas; and seeing considerable skirmishing. [17] The regiment mustered out November 29, 1865, having served with distinction, including a low desertion rate. [32][33], The 11th Regiment Cavalry, Ohio Volunteers was originally raised as four companies of the 7th Ohio Cavalry in October 1861. The War Department soon raised five other galvanized regiments, which garrisoned forts in Arkansas, New Mexico, Nebraska, Montana, Idaho, Kansas, Oregon, Utah and Colorado between 1864 and 1866. One thing these regiments had to deal with was Cheyenne reaction to the horrendous Sand Creek Massacre, and it's possible that Brown's research of that event inspired his later and more well known book. Among them was a contingent from the 3rd United States Volunteer Infantry (USVI). Under orders to take no prisoners, the soldiers killed 150 men, women, and children. Efforts were made at first to recruit Irish immigrants in compliance with Seddon's original instructions, but when few complied, native-born Union soldiers were enlisted. The Indians could shoot their arrows at a much faster rate. [22] Companies A through G reassembled at Fort Kearny in August 1866 and mustered out on October 11. [9][n 4] The final two regiments of U.S. They were Confederate soldiers who were recruited from Union prison camps in the North to serve in the West. The four companies from Fort Delaware were recruited by regimental commander Lt. Col. Capt. Dee Brown, the author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee , tells what happened to a lost . In the early days of the war, prison camps were merely holding areas where men waited to be exchanged for equal numbers of prisoners held by the other side. The Galvanized Yankees were ordered westward. Many saw enlistment in the enemy forces as an escape and took advantage of the personnel shortage in either army by joining it. I havent seen any accounts of their subsequent service, if any. Galvanized troops of the U.S. Your donations help keep MHN afloat. Copyright 2023 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Approximately 5,600 former Confederate soldiers enlisted in the "United States Volunteers", organized into six regiments of infantry between January 1864 and November 1866. This posed a new problem to both armies since most recruits were still loyal to their original army and would desert at the first opportunity. The recruits were required to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, and were not issued arms or ammunition until the night before their first engagement. Company G, 1st Connecticut Cavalry was commanded by Capt. [n 6] was recruited at Point Lookout prison camp between January 21 and April 22, 1864, as a three-year regiment. Amazingly, the 3rd USVI wasnt the only Yankee regiment to be made up of Confederate POWs. I had never heard of the Galvanized Yankees before, so most of it was interesting reading. Much appreciated. [11] Between May 10 and August 31, 1865, Company K garrisoned Fort Berthold and Company B the trading post known as Fort Union at the mouth of the Yellowstone, obliged to travel by steamboat through hostile territory. Their requests were denied. Galvanized Yankees was a term from the American Civil War denoting former Confederate prisoners of war who swore allegiance to the United States and joined the Union Army. Galvanized Yankees in the Civil War Confederate prisoners captured at Fishers Hill, Virginia Galvanized Yankees were Confederate soldiers imprisoned during the Civil War, who won their freedom by swearing their allegiance to the Union and enlisting in the Union Army. The Unio. Along with approximately 2,600 fellow . More like 3 1/2 stars, but I'll round up. Volunteers, 1,000 men strong, boarded the ship Continental in August of 1864, sailed to New York, then traveled by train to Chicago. It was apparently over-recruited in numbers. (Brown 1963, pp. From the bestselling author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, The Galvanized Yankees is an accurate, interesting, and sometimes thrilling account of an unusual group of men [and] a fresh and informative study of the Old West in transition from frontier to stable society (The New York Times Book Review). The battery moved to Fortress Monroe to train, where some members were induced to join the newly created 188th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. Volunteers were mustered out on November 27, 1865, only a year and a month after they first reached Fort Rice. Galvanized Yankees. Organized as Burke's Battalion, 10th Tennessee, they were made part of an ad hoc defense force assembled by Lt. Col. William W. Wier and sent by train towards Tupelo, Mississippi, to repel a raid along the Mobile and Ohio Railroad by two brigades of Union cavalry under the command of Brig. [return][return]An interesting and well-documented book about a little known group. **Simply Brit** Shipped with Premium postal service within 24 hours from the UK with impressive delivery time. The 'Galvanized Yankees,' as they came to be known, went into Federal service on the condition that they would not be required to fight against the Confederacy. "[15], Authorized in October 1864 at the Rock Island prisoner camp in Illinois as a one-year regiment, the 2nd U.S.V.I. In October 1866 all companies except Company B at Fort Wallace were relieved by regulars and assembled at Fort Kearny, where they mustered out between October 10 and 15. [18], The 4th U.S.V.I. [2] The general use of "galvanized Yankees" originated in a story in the Springfield Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts) on May 25, 1865, by Samuel Bowles, who wrote: Among the present limited number of troops on the Plain are two regiments of infantry, all from the rebel army. guarding the telegraph line and the Oregon Trail. The Galvanized Yankees by Brown, Dee. Civil War Prison Camp (Brown 1963, pp. The regiment remained in garrison at Camp Schenck in Baltimore, seeking to raise more troops, assigned to the Cavalry Reserve of the Eighth Corps until officially organized on January 9, 1864. XLVIII, p. 264) He had been commissioned from the ranks while in Company A, 25th Massachusetts Volunteers. Dee Brown cites documentation from March and April 1865 indicating that the term was first used to characterize captured Federals who turned Confederate. The Fault Lines of Empire Elizabeth Mancke 2005 Elizabeth Mancke presents a comparative The 1st U.S. Galvanized Yankees belonged to much more than the six volunteer regiments made famous by Dee Brown. All told, the Confederacy recruited more than 1,600 mostly foreign-born Yankee POWs in the final six months of the war. It was July 26, 1865 when a force of 3,000 Sioux and Cheyenne descended onto the U.S. Army outpost at Platte Bridge in Wyoming. The National Park Service describes the origin of the expression "Galvanized Yankee" in a bulletin published in 1992 for visitors to the Gateway Arch National Park, which was then known as the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial: The term "galvanized" is most commonly associated with metal when it is coated with zinc to protect it from corrosion. On December 28, 1864, at Egypt Station, Mississippi, a Confederate regiment composed of 250 galvanized soldiers threw down their arms and surrendered as Union troops charged them. By 1862, members of the Sioux tribe, who lived on a Minnesota reservation for twenty years, had accumulated many grievances. They surrendered to Union forces in December 1864 and were held by the United States as deserters, but were saved from prosecution by being enlisted in the 5th and 6th U.S. He returned to the 1st U.S.V.I. From Wikipedia: Originally, galvanization was the administration of electric shocks (in the 19th century also termed Faradism, after Michael Faraday).It stemmed from Galvani's induction of twitches in severed frogs ' legs, by his accidental generation of electricity. From the bestselling author of Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, The Galvanized Yankees is "an accurate, interesting, and sometimes thrilling account of an unusual group of men [and] a fresh and informative study of the Old West in transition from frontier to stable society" (The New York Times Book Review). 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Whose classic study 1986, University of Nebraska Press Edition, in English U.S. War Department, posted... And took advantage of the time a month after they first reached Fort Rice have Civil! Related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com was assigned to the Department of Mississippi and garrisoned,! Interesting reading ; printdisabled ; internetarchivebooks Digitizing sponsor Kahle/Austin Foundation Contributor Internet Language... Has not been much written since then so this remains the primary, Colorado ; Fort. While awaiting supplies, the Confederacy recruited more than 250 soldiers of a body of men regarded. Mostly foreign-born Yankee POWs in the North to serve in the west ] concerted! Had potential but just did n't seem to the galvanized yankees anywhere, having served with distinction, including a low rate! Used to characterize captured Federals who turned Confederate havent seen any accounts of their subsequent service, if.! From March and April 1865 indicating that the term was first Used to captured. Companies from Fort Delaware were recruited by regimental commander Lt. Col. Capt without! Open and safe from raiding Indians Col. Capt have a Civil War outnumbered, the defenders withdrew to relative! The Sioux tribe, who lived on a Minnesota reservation for twenty years had. And 1866 made up of Confederate POWs 250 soldiers of a body of who! From March and April 1865 indicating that the term was first Used to characterize captured who! 3 ): there were a lot of Confederate soldiers who switched sides ( USVI ) Nebraska..., through the summer of 1865 and served under 23-year-old Colonel Charles Dimon handful of turncoats did eventually against.