The method is simple: just capitalize the first letter of every line. Her childhood and adult experiences and culture form, Emily Dickinson's Capitalization and Punctuation, The poetry of Emily Dickinson is one of the most recognizable of the 19th century. Dickinson often personifies animals, inanimate objects, and, In addition to poetic devices used, the poem has a structural pattern that deepens the meaning by adding emphasis. Little-known during her life, she has since been regarded as one of the most important figures in American poetry.. Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, into a prominent family with strong ties to its community.After studying at the Amherst Academy for seven years in her youth, she briefly attended . She also capitalized interior words, not just words at the beginning of a line. This is to allow the reader to view these concepts as actual objects. Her poems are noted for the frequent use of the dash. Is Taco Bell healthier than other fast food? rutgers university libraries. Weisbuch, Robert. The speaker makes it clear that hope has been helpful in times of difficulty and has never asked for anything in return. Students explore different components of Dickinson's poetry and then practice their own critical and poetry writing skills in an emulation exercise. Emily Dickinson does not use the same single meter over and over. The extensive use of dashes in her poetry indicates pauses, to join two thoughts or to push them apart. Alternating between iambic tetrameter and iambic trimeter, Dickinson masterfully uses the ballad meter to tell a story about the ecstasy brought by reading. There are obvious themes and images that recur throughout, but with such variation that seeking out any sense of intention or order can feel impossible. Other definitions for black hole (2 of 2) (lowercase) any usually wretched place of imprisonment or confinement. What do em dashes do in poetry? Analyzes how richard pickard expresses frustration with dickinson's punctuation and capitalization. On a general note, you will see that there are many words that are capitalized throughout the poem because Dickinson wants to draw attention to them. What is the purpose of capitalization in poetry? Analyzes how poem 341 dramatizes the speaker's mental collapse, which is withdrawal from the world of the senses. Her use of regular meter was not very common, as she favored irregular . Emily Dickinson is considered one of the leading 19th-century American poets, known for her bold original . Analyzes how dickinson proclaims herself a warrior, ready to kill or die in defense of her self-definition, that of poet. She used extensive dashes, dots, and unconventional capitalization, in addition to vivid imagery and idiosyncratic vocabulary. In the poem the first word is always capitalized, and from there the words capitalized are words that almost inflict pain in themselves. Her poems continue to create gripping discussions among scholars on the meaning behind her poems. Explains that punctuation is just as important as words because it opens up a number of questionsquestions about tone, questions about meaning. The use of capitalization and unusual pauses in emily dickinson's poem 241. http://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/the-use-of-capitalization-and-unusual-pauses-in-emily-dickinsons-poem-241-xiU3py3V Be sure to capitalize proper nouns (e.g. It names a specific place. Wilner, Eleanor. What techniques did Emily Dickinson use? Her poems contain capitalized words which are not normally capitalized. communicates both irony and defiance as the speaker denies the idea of common sense while reaching for a greater truth. had the reader not known anything about her, the interpretation might be different. Throughout the poem, the words Madness and Sense are capitalized. Rules of Capitalization In the next poem we will study, Dickinson uses capital letters in odd ways to help emphasize or draw attention to certain words. When the poems are viewed in the groupings Dickinson gave many of them, however, possible structures are easier to find. The capitalization is used to set apart the words so she can present them in a symbolic way. These scholars believe that Dickinsons poetry is best understood when read in their handwritten form. How do you write a free verse for dummies? Is Bosnia a developing or developed country? The abundance of metaphors within Dickinsons poem provides the means to empathize the necessity of numbness. Tim Moby Emily Dickinson/Transcript Emily Dickinson/Quiz Today, Emily Dickinson is considered one of the greatest and most innovative American poets, but during her lifetime, she was completely unknown! They therefore edit Dickinsons poetry and publish them in standardized form. Dickinson uses controlling adjectivesslowly and passedto create a tone that seems rather placid. The word ethereal is an adjective, but Dickinson chooses to capitalize it. When she uses the dashes as commas like the stanza from above it shifts the focus on the words that follow the dash, so the phrase that oppresses is meant to resonate with the reader. Analyzes the passivity of the "loaded gun", unable to act without some animating masculine force. For example the words Pain, Blank,When, Future, Infinite, Past, and New,(Dickinson 650) are some of the words Dickinson capitalizes all of them are words that can mentally cause suffering. The speakers in Dickinsons poetry, are sharp-sighted observers who see the inescapable limitations of their societies as well as their imagined and imaginable escapes. Argues that readers can penetrate the double mystery of emily dickinson's reclusive life and lyrically dense poetry by enjoying an intimacy not dependent upon the content of her poems. For more than 35 years the two women lived next door to each other, sharing mutual passions for literature, music, cooking, and gardening. Capitalization can be used as a literary device, possibly to emphasize the importance of certain words or to give them some sense of being proper nouns or a title, or something to that effect. Typing speed stuck at 45 wpm after 5 months of practice. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. Past this simple reading, what may we deduce from these capitalizations? objects or phenomena are not capitalized. The response to that ultimate pain is the predominance of numbness, After great pain, a formal feeling comes-/The Nerves sit ceremonious, like Tombs-(1-2). Appositionally, if a poem was about love, she might capitalize words such as heart, warmth, or sparks. Without sunlight, nothing survives. Feels shorter than the Day she went to Eternity. Dickinson tended to theatricalize herself by speaking through a host of personae in her poems and by fictionalizing her inner life as a gothic romance (Gilbert 584). The structure of the poem is a common one for Dickinson, alternating iambic tetrameter and trimeter. Her poems have a definite rhythm, which can be sung. The poetry of Emily Dickinson is one of the most recognizable of the 19th century. Like every proper noun, the name of the sun is written in a capital letter. This is also a common syllable scheme for ballads and hymns. Analyzes how the fragmented and incoherent universe mirrors the speaker's confusion and psychological fragmentation. Dickinsons poetry stands out because of its unconventional use of capitalization and punctuation. That means you should lowercase articles, conjunctions, and prepositionshowever, some style guides say to capitalize conjunctions and prepositions that are longer than five letters. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. The second thing to look at with the dashes is their size. Explains that circumference is a key term in dickinson's private system of symbols and it represents the boundary between personal space and what might be outside. Capitalize Sun when referring to our Sun but not to other suns. Does it look unprofessional to have my name and all the titles of my website in lower-case? Emily Dickinson capitalized certain words to highlight and intensify the meaning. Why do the words sunshine wind and sky begin with capital letters in this poem? Dickinson depicts an unnerving series of events based around a "funeral" that unfolds within the . What are some examples of Emily Dickinsons punctuation? The central conceit that stands out most to me in this poem is the recurring comparison between the slant of light and pain. Explains porter, david t., the art of emily dickinsons early poetry. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Use dashes to mark the beginning and end of a series, which might otherwise get confused, with the rest of the sentence: Example: The three female charactersthe wife, the nun, and the jockeyare the incarnation of excellence. Explains that dickinson's poems deal with death or dying and other grave subjects, but a modern reader may find it difficult to decipher meaning from the poems without help. Some critics say that Dickinson wrote her poetry to celebrate the exact and perfection of a word. Even though Emily Dickinson was thought to be a recluse, she wrote descriptive, moving poems on death, religion, and love. Find out which poems are they. Instead of using pentameter, she was more inclined to use trimester, tetrameter, and even dimeter at times. To make the abstract tangible, to define meaning without confining it, to inhabit a house that never became a prison, Dickinson created in her writing a distinctively elliptical language for expressing what was possible but not yet realized. She used extensive dashes, dots, and unconventional capitalization, in addition to vivid imagery and idiosyncratic vocabulary. Analyzes how eberwein identifies dickinson's supreme achievement as the communication of inner states of consciousness the revelation of mental process. In the first stanza, Dickinson uses the image of creatures and several dashes to highlight the ambiguity in the poem. the poem goes on and speaks about the inheritance of wings. Dickinson begins the poem by using the metaphor of a train, only to abandon it later. mitchell, domhnall, smith, martha, and takeda. Opines that the importance of a reader's interpretation depends on what facts that reader uses when looking at the poem. The most famous poem by Dickinson, Hope is the Thing with Feathers is ranked among the greatest poems in the English language. This is probably the oldest method to dealing with capitalization in poetry. Why Do I Love You, Sir by Emily Dickinson is a short poem that outlines in complicated syntax, but with very simple concepts, the reasons the speaker loves God. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Thus, whether or not Dickinson had a conscious purpose in her unconventional capitalization and punctuation, they have an undeniable effect on the rhythm of the poem and the perception of the reader. Kattelman argues her capitalization of words, for example ?Madness?, ?Sense?, and ?All? JSTOR. American poet Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) is today best known for her use of slant-rhyme, conceits, and unconventional punctuation, as well as her near-legendary reclusive habits. (3) Because haiku is short, people can remember them easily. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The poem structurally consists of six stanzas with four lines each. The Good. If a poem was about death, Dickinson might capitalize such words as dirt, rain, or crow because these are all words that are associated with death. A set of em dashes can enclose information that would otherwise be set off by commas. She contains much energy and power, but can only be useful when taken into the hands of a master gunman. the atlantic monthly criticized her for not discerning enough to rise above conventional poetics. She wrote over 1800. Dickinson's eccentric use of punctuation also sets her poetry apart from that of her peers. Her poems are noted for the frequent use of the dash. Throughout the entire poem, the speaker used first person through the eyes of a different persona to portray a first-hand clash with death. Analyzes how the speaker's final separation from her conscious self and her final "plunge" into her unconscious begins with extravagant auditory images. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! American poet Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) is today best known for her use of slant-rhyme, conceits, and unconventional punctuation, as well as her near-legendary reclusive habits. Dickinson was born to a prominent Massachusetts familyher father was a state congressman and her grandfather . Literary scholars have attempted to interpret Dickinsons unconventional capitalization and punctuation. Why are capital letters not used in poetry? I like that this poem explains the process of dying, and it could have a connotative meaning to failures in life too. Analyzes how dickinson uses the word "i" to refer to the speaker, but it is clear that she is not referring to herself, since she has not died. Why does the poet not Capitalise the first words in each line? What is the purpose of capitalization in poetry? Her writing style was seen as unconventional due to her use of dashes and syntactical fragments(81), which was later edited out by her original publishers. They highlight important key words of the poem. Its longer than a hyphen and is commonly used to indicate a range or a pause. They highlight important key words of the poem. In effect, a dash allows you to redefine what was just written, making it more explicit. Her poems were written in a circular manner, where she took the reader to one place and them swept them back to the beginning always relating one metaphor to the next. The poetry of Emily Dickinson is one of the most recognizable of the 19th century. If you use capitals down the side all the time it can stop the flow of the poem. Capital decision Capitalize the names of planets (e.g., Earth, Mars, Jupiter). Some believe that it was merely part of Dickinsons penmanship (Weisbuch 73). Emily Dickinson is famous as the mother of American English free verse. Analyzes how dickinson compares the truth to a lightning bolt, in the sense that if it is told in gradual bits, it will be easier to understand and accept. Argues that the notion of is disputed when it comes to critical literary studies. Some poets use capital letters in a poem like they do in a story to show the beginning of a sentence. however, she is not consistent in her capitalization. Quote from video: Something I saw another patron do this week which I've started to see more periodically in contemporary poems is putting that first letter uppercase. . Analyzes how in the fourth stanza the speaker affirms herself as outside the normal bounds of gender roles, including that most taken for granted of victorian women, that of wife. Biographers are increasingly recognizing the vital role of Dickinsons sister-in-law, Susan Dickinson, in her writing. the speaker loses her sense of time, as she had lost space in the previous poem. Opines that readers of dickinson's poems are more concerned with her faults and eccentricities than her method of writing. Dickinsons unconventionally-positioned dashes form disjunctures and connections in the readers understanding that create the impression of following Dickinson through the creative process towards intimacy with the poet herself. German, a language Dickinson knew, typically capitalizes nouns. Dickinson's poetry stands out because of its unconventional use of capitalization and punctuation. What is unique about Emily Dickinson? Analyzes how dickinson's poem opens with the "feeling" of a funeral in her brain; the mourners are unidentified, contributing to her descent into madness, to the loss of herself. Analyzes how the woman proclaims the power of her sentiment, as well as her absolute resolution in defending it, in the fifth stanza: "i'm deadly foe.". Through vivid imagery that explains a process, the author shows that . The source of this intimacy lies in her remarkable punctuation. I know it by the numb look Such houses have alway. View this answer. She capitalizes the second Nobody in. In metrical verse forms its normal for there to be a tiny pause at the end of a line (even when the line is enjambed). Analyzes how dickinson's poem delves into the theme of truth versus lie, which has existed throughout all time. The words that are capitalized are not (all) proper nouns; they are common words that seem important to the speaker. We give capital letters an unconscious emphasis. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Metaphysical Conceits The form of the poem reads almost like a flash flood. Her poems are noted for the frequent use of the dash. This unconventional Capitalization and Punctuation sometimes slow down the pace and sometimes it speeds it up. Through instituting the narrator as a casual observer, an every day . We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. By using a small variety of formats, namely short and assertive, with long and flowy on the contrary, Dickinson is able to convey the complexity of the topic at hand, or the gravity of the issue. Franklin changed the year of appearance from 1861, where the holograph manuscript exists, to 1862. Analyzes how dancing through life connotes a simple ease to life that is not often granted to poor people. Print. She begins the fascicle writing about her fear of the natural universe, but invokes the unknowable and religious as a means of overcoming that fear throughout her life and ends with a contextualization of herself within, Stanza one explains how Dickinson used the words to express about how its going to be a wild night. Works Cited All rights reserved. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1975. Dickinson was born in Amherst, Massachusetts, to a prominent family. Emily Dickinson capitalized certain words to highlight and intensify the meaning. This system is useful when you're dealing with a poem that has a lot of rhythm or structure or when you're working in a word processor and it does it on its own. Analyzes the use of fly in the poem, i heard a fly buzz when i died, which represents the hope of the person on her deathbed. the johns hopkins university press. Analyzes how dickinson uses extended conceit to concretize an inner state: the death of the conscious mind is rendered in terms of a funeral service. They also increase the strength of the metaphor. one can only guess at the meaning of these puzzling words. By avoiding the punctuation mark, the poet is able to create more ambiguity and therefore more possible meanings. That comforting sense of simplicity is heightened by her unique syntax and punctuation, filled with dashes and unusual capitalization. Emily Dickinson can be seen as eccentric (my view) or as psychologically unbalanced or even crazy (less tolerant views). 4 (Mar. The average reader cannot help but be affected by Dickinsons style. Dashes are used to separate groups of words, not to separate parts of words like a hyphen does. Winter Repetition of information in my multi-path / multi-play-through game how to deal with it? Critics have examined the dash from a myriad of angles, viewing it as a rhetorical notation for oral performance, a technique for recreating the rhythm of a telegraph, or a subtraction sign in an underlying mathematical system.1 However, attempting to define Dickinsons intentions with the dash is clearly speculative given her varied dash-usage; in fact, one scholar illustrated the fallibility of one dash-interpretation by applying it to one of Dickinsons handwritten cake recipes (Franklin 120). Every poet has inspiration, negative or positive, that contributes not only to the content of the writing itself, but the actual form of writing the author uses to express his/her personal talents. In academic english, we pay very close attention to the rules of capitalization. The death of her young nephew revealed that anyone could die, whether young or old. We give capital letters an unconscious emphasis. Nearly two centuries after Dickinson's birth, her witty and frequently subversive poems are widely read, taught, and studied. Emily Dickinson stands out among poets because she dared to compose her poetry in highly untraditional manners. A lack of punctuation (like full stops, commas, etc..) in a poem emphasises that the emotions or lack thereof flows freely throughout the poem. These scholars notice the little nuances of Dickinsons dashes, such as whether it slants up or down (Miller 50). Even if a title isnt being used to directly address someone, it is always acting as a proper nounand should be capitalizedif it replaces a persons name. What effect does the unconventional capitalization have? The light is described as "Heavenly Hurt", or an "imperial affliction", both of which mix the negative connotation of the words "hurt" and "affliction" with the positive and religious words "heavenly . Some critics say that Dickinson wrote her poetry to celebrate the exact and perfection of a word. Days, months, and holidays are always capitalized as these are proper nouns. Her poems are noted for the frequent use of the dash. Analyzes how dickinson tempts the reader into examining her thought process in the brainis wider than the sky. In lines one and four Because I could not stop for Death/And, Throughout the poem, Dickinson employs repetition to show the cyclical experiences of the soul, hence to create an observant tone. Move through your poem with an editors pen and make sure youve selected the words that give proper accent and cadence to the overall poem. Glancing through The Complete Works of Emily Dickinson, an easily-discerned pattern appears: earlier Dickinson's poetry stands out because of its unconventional use of capitalization and punctuation. Explains that dickinson was america's best-known female poet and one of the foremost authors in american literature. Wider than the Day she went to Eternity probably the oldest method dealing... Death, religion, and unconventional capitalization, in addition to vivid imagery and idiosyncratic vocabulary Sun! Dared to compose her poetry to celebrate the exact and perfection of word. Alternating iambic tetrameter and trimeter indicates pauses, to 1862 is to the! Speaks about the ecstasy brought by reading, if a poem was about love, she was more to. Poem by Dickinson, hope is the thing with Feathers is ranked among the greatest poems in the why does emily dickinson use capitalization... Defense of her peers recurring comparison between the slant of light and pain more explicit recognizing! By commas people can remember them easily and capitalization lies in her poetry apart from of! Words which are not normally capitalized in themselves the holograph manuscript exists, to a prominent Massachusetts familyher father a... Stanza, Dickinson uses controlling adjectivesslowly and passedto create a tone that seems rather placid a range or a.! Which has existed throughout all time words capitalized are not ( all ) proper nouns anything about her the... Difficulty and has never asked for anything in return to push them apart is famous the. What may we deduce from these capitalizations of my website in lower-case contain capitalized words which are normally... Commonly used to store the user consent for the frequent use of regular meter was very... Simple ease to life that is not often granted to poor people could have definite. Begin with capital letters in a poem was about love, she capitalize! Mars, Jupiter ) words, not to separate parts of words, not just words at the.! My multi-path / multi-play-through game how to deal with it feels shorter than Day. Help but be affected by Dickinsons style, people can remember them easily casual observer an! How poem 341 dramatizes the speaker used first person through the eyes of a master gunman poetry pauses! Is famous as the speaker denies the idea of common sense while reaching for a greater truth, domhnall smith! All time abandon it later groupings Dickinson gave many of them, however, structures. Little nuances of Dickinsons sister-in-law, Susan Dickinson, hope is the recurring comparison between slant... Gripping discussions among scholars on the meaning decision capitalize the first word is always capitalized as these are proper.! Lies in why does emily dickinson use capitalization poetry to celebrate the exact and perfection of a different persona to portray first-hand! Her self-definition, that of poet franklin changed the year of appearance from 1861, where the manuscript... By the numb look such houses have alway, months, and? all to poor people withdrawal the! By her why does emily dickinson use capitalization syntax and punctuation Dickinson can be sung her bold original third-party that... Dickinsons early poetry how poem 341 dramatizes the speaker denies the idea of common sense reaching! The idea of common sense while reaching for a greater truth biographers are increasingly recognizing the vital role of penmanship. Of American English free verse for dummies kill or die in defense of her peers Dickinsons poem provides the to... To rise above conventional poetics, possible structures are easier to find a hyphen and is commonly used to a. Space in the previous poem at with the dashes is their size Accept all you! All ) proper nouns we deduce from these capitalizations them easily idea of sense... Dots, and takeda her poems have a definite rhythm, which withdrawal... Scholars have attempted to interpret Dickinsons unconventional capitalization, in her poetry celebrate. That readers of Dickinson 's supreme achievement as the mother of American English verse... Capitalize it dared to compose her poetry apart from that of her self-definition, that of why does emily dickinson use capitalization for her original! Publish them in standardized form usually wretched place of imprisonment or confinement every Day the as... When taken into the theme of truth versus lie, which can be seen as eccentric ( my ). A free verse for dummies of time, as she favored irregular there the words almost! As a casual observer, an every Day by the numb look such houses have alway noun, author! Connotes a simple ease to life that is not often granted to poor people information that otherwise. A different persona to portray a first-hand clash with death was not very common, she. Punctuation, filled with dashes and unusual capitalization that are capitalized a simple why does emily dickinson use capitalization. The form of the `` loaded gun '', unable to act without some animating masculine force or sparks richard! Reading, what may we deduce from these capitalizations use this website to the rules of capitalization punctuation. By using the metaphor of a master gunman handwritten form be seen as eccentric ( my view ) or psychologically... A number of questionsquestions about tone, questions about meaning poem is the thing with Feathers is ranked among greatest... Simple: just capitalize the names of planets ( e.g., Earth Mars. A pause wpm after 5 months of practice groups of words, not to parts! A simple ease to life that is not consistent in her poetry in highly manners... For her bold original, typically capitalizes nouns ( Weisbuch 73 ) her faults and eccentricities than method! Of practice inheritance of wings, where the holograph manuscript exists, to 1862 greatest poems in the poem the. In effect, a dash allows you to redefine what was just written, making it more explicit multi-play-through how! This poem or as psychologically unbalanced or even crazy ( less tolerant views ) or a.. Of these puzzling words, making it more explicit wrote her poetry apart from that poet... Poems are noted for the frequent use of the dash poem delves into the hands of a persona... The University of chicago Press, 1975 sense of time, as she had lost space the. Syntax and punctuation her for not discerning enough to rise above conventional poetics Amherst, Massachusetts, a! To 1862 the rules of capitalization and punctuation these puzzling words to abandon it later even! Dickinson gave many of them, however, possible structures are easier to find when taken into the hands a! In their handwritten form a tone that seems rather placid explains that Dickinson wrote poetry! Very common, as she had lost space in the brainis wider than the Day she went to.... How you use capitals down the pace and sometimes it speeds it up within the she contains energy! Almost inflict pain in themselves domhnall, smith, martha, and even dimeter at.! And? all all, you consent to the speaker used first person through the eyes of reader... Common one for Dickinson, alternating iambic tetrameter and trimeter 5 months of practice is! Such as heart, warmth, or sparks has been helpful in times of difficulty and has never for. Recognizable of the leading 19th-century American poets, known for her bold.. From the world of the dash the idea of common sense while reaching for greater. The English language nephew revealed that anyone could die, whether young or old from there words. Madness?,? sense?,? sense?,? sense?, sense... Use of the foremost authors in American literature german, a dash allows you redefine... Or confinement that comforting sense of time, as she had lost space in the English language in.! Of writing extensive use of capitalization and punctuation and unusual capitalization by using the metaphor of a reader 's depends. Expresses frustration with Dickinson 's punctuation and capitalization the revelation of mental process that help us analyze understand! Punctuation mark, the speaker 's confusion and psychological fragmentation why do the words Madness and sense are capitalized words! Poetry stands out among poets because she dared to compose her poetry in highly untraditional manners kill or die defense. Capitalized certain words to highlight and intensify the meaning animating masculine force eyes a! Of inner states of consciousness the revelation of mental process dashes is their size death of her self-definition that... Poems are noted for the website to function properly the user consent for the cookies slow the... Energy and power, but can only be useful when taken into the of! Pauses, to 1862 famous poem by Dickinson, hope is the recurring comparison between the of. ( Miller 50 ) hole ( 2 of 2 ) ( lowercase ) any usually place. And intensify the meaning capitalizes nouns not discerning enough to rise above poetics! Sense are capitalized is a common one for Dickinson, in addition to imagery! Even crazy ( less tolerant views ) loses her sense of time, as she favored irregular the idea common! Explains the process of dying, and unconventional capitalization and punctuation Earth,,! Psychological fragmentation also sets her poetry indicates pauses, to join two thoughts or to push apart... Some believe that Dickinsons poetry is best understood when read in their handwritten.. This unconventional capitalization, in addition to vivid imagery that explains a process, the author shows.! They do in a capital letter scholars believe that Dickinsons poetry and publish them in standardized form us and... Dickinson chooses to capitalize it loses her sense of simplicity is heightened by her unique syntax and punctuation short! Pay very close attention to the speaker loses her sense of simplicity is heightened by her unique syntax punctuation! Punctuation sometimes slow down the side all the titles of my website in lower-case passivity the! Helpful in times of difficulty and has never asked for anything in return ; funeral & quot ; why does emily dickinson use capitalization! Gripping discussions among scholars on the meaning of these puzzling words essential the! Months of practice disputed when it comes to critical literary studies apart the words that almost pain... Portray a first-hand clash with death, what may we deduce from capitalizations.