Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. D)Herzberg's motivational factors. 1. esteem needs 4. responsibility Average humans do not detest their work but like or dislike it according to temporary situations that can be improved. 4. the average worker has little ambition. He subscribes to Theory X. 25. option A is correct Theory X is a traditional model of motivation and management. Maslow indicated that when a need is not satisfied, then it needs motivation. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Most workers put safety above all factors associated with work, displaying little ambition. Douglas McGregor, one of Maslow 's students, influenced the study of motivation with his formulation of two contrasting sets of assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y. Such individuals are used to working on their own terms and accomplishing tasks. 4. increase in productivity as pay increased 4. the traditional view of management. It contains thousands of paper examples on a wide variety of topics, all donated by helpful students. This led them to use rewards and punishment as their primary means to motivate employees. Each location has a manager who runs the location as they see fit. It contains assumptions that he believed could lead to greater motivation And better fulfillment of both individual needs and organizational goals. McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. B. a Theory Y manager according to McGregor. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. Theory X holds that employees are inherently disinclined to work and needed to be strictly controlled. Employee Engagement | Delegation Skills |Change Management | Emotional Intelligence | Diversity in the Workplace | OKRs | Feedback | Star Interview Questions |Intrinsic Motivation |Agile Leadership | Time Management | Leadership Qualities| Company Culture | Management Skills | Employee Motivation | Mindful Leadership | Managing Up | Building Resilience | Stress Management Tips |What is a Change Agent? McGregor identified that people act according to their premises and assumptions. What is the rationale behind job enlargement strategies? Jobs are more satisfying when employees are offered flextime. The higher-level needs of esteem and self-actualization are ongoingneeds that, for most people, are never completely satisfied. Workers are willing to accept challenges and are proud of the work that they do. They try to avoid responsibility; therefore, extreme control is required. They led to companies providing better physical work It mightseemthat the optimal approach to human resource management would lie somewhere between these extremes. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. 4. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. They need guidance throughout their work journey and look for a controlled management system to understand the task well and complete it on time. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. Hygiene factors of the two-factor theory McGregor recognized that some people may not have reached the level of maturity assumed by Theory Y and may initially need tighter controlsthat can be relaxed as the employee develops. Theory X . D. a manager who meets Maslow's esteem needs of employees. 5. job sharing, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. 2. flextime. Your email address will not be published. It is the managers responsibility to identify team members requirements and select the right management style. 2. job enrichment. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. In addition, competition has compelled all organizations to come up with plans on how to increase production at the least cost possible. D. Elton Mayo. Retrieved from https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. Work can be as natural as play if the conditions are favorable. 1. by offering flextime to all employees According to managers who adopt McGregor's Theory X: A. people enjoy work. Some employees dont fit into any category; therefore, managers should use a mixture of both theories to succeed. Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y In his 1960 management book, The Human Side of Enterprise, Douglas McGregor made his mark on the history of organizational management and motivational psychology when he proposed the two theories by which managers perceive employee motivation. McGregor's Theory X/Y (1957; 1960/1985; 1966; 1967), one of the most famous theories of motivation and leadership, has had a profound effect on managerial thinking over the past fifty years. Introduction I decided to explore the concept of McGregor's X and Y theory, also known as Theory X and Theory Y, which was developed by Douglas McGregor in his 1960 book "The Human Side of . 5. He established the two contrasting theories to understand a managers beliefs regarding employee motivation and its effect on management style. Most people find happiness in hard work under the right conditions. Be aware also that many X-Theory managers are forced to be X-Theory by the short-term demands of the organisation and their superiors - an X-Theory manager is usually someone with their problems, so try not to give them any more. McGregor's XY Theory of Management - The Simplest explanation ever.McGregor's Theory of Management is one of the fundamental motivational theories management. Theory Y serves as a counterpoint to Theory Xs authoritarian and control-oriented assumptions over people. People will be committed to their quality and productivity objectives if rewards are in place that address higher needs such as self-fulfillment. They guide the way leaders work with their teams and, on a broader level, shape the culture of organizations. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. Theory X-based cultures will fail to retain the best talent for the simple fact that knowledge workers cannot tolerate systems based on command and control, micromanagement, and a management style of the last century. B. Frederick llerzberg. Identify which of McGregor's Theory X or Theory Y corresponds with the following statement: 1. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. Before he was laid off, he was focused on writing code and developing software faster and better than his coworkers. Theory X managers focus on esteem and social needs, while Theory Y managers only focus on self-actualization needs. Theory X and Theory Y was an idea devised by Douglas McGregor (see article) in his 1960 book "The Human Side of Enterprise".It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles . Most people avoid responsibility and need constant direction. Theory Z Although McGregor suggests Theory Y as a better approach to management in a workplace, some organisations require the attitude of Theory X. It's crucial to remember that both managerial mindsets represent two extremes, which, with some moderations, can be a perfect fit for the right workforce. Herzberg's two-factor theory. In managing his employees, he is most likely to: Moved by self-orientation and self-control, the individual will put himself at the service of the goals that he strived to achieve within the organization. Average employees always seek direction as they are lazy. Definition: The Theory X and Theory Y are the theories of motivation given by Douglas McGregor in 1960's. These theories are based on the premise that management has to assemble all the factors of production, including human beings, to get the work done. 4. trust his employees. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. 3. uses workstations and facilities better by staggering employee use. 1. The theory assumes that employees are lazy and cannot make decisions. 4. extrinsic motivation B. the humanistic view of management.C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. 5. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. IvyPanda. 5. Disclaimer: Reliance on this material and any related provision is at your sole risk. W. L. Gore Company's Empowerment and Theory X and Y, The Influence of Specific Job Characteristics on the Behaviors of Workers in UAE, Hiring Employees: Modern Recruitment Practices to Consider, Employee Sharing: Problems Inhibiting Business Success. In this way, the manager will change their management style into a participative or decentralized style to instill higher self-belief in their team members. Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace.Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individual's motivational needs. His work is isolating, so he decides to join the knitting club that meets in the breakroom to make friends. His theory is based on managerial views of human beings. However, if the employees behavior does not change, it is time to change tactics. Morale. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. McGregor's Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. It is based on the assumption that self-direction, self-control, and maturity control motivation. Theory Y . 3. security Abraham Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs" is "the most generally mentioned theory of motivation and satisfaction (Weihrich & Koontz, 1999).". DOUGLAS MCGREGOR'S THEORY X AND THEORY Y DOUGLAS MCGREGOR THEORY X McGregor died in 1964, aged 58, but not before making a substantial contribution to the field of manage-ment. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. Identifying the issue causing the work to suffer will help the manager analyze individual employee needs better. 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. Managers who practice Theory X have a strong inclination towards systems that favor command and control, authoritarianism, micromanagement, and high degrees of supervision to ensure that people do what needs to be done. Managers have many assumptions about their employees in Theory X: Many of these assumptions are based on basic physical needs. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. Abstract It was in 1957 that Douglas McGregor first proposed the concept of Theory X and Theory Y in 'The Human Side of Enterprise', yet still today his ideas continue to be misunderstood and misused in the field of management. 2. serves customers better by allowing more coverage of customers over longer hours. Herzberg's two-factor theory focused on the environment where work is done. Which of the following is a hallmark of the Hawthorne effect? McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A)the traditional view of management. 5. The instructor is responsible for actively sharing their knowledge with the students. The theory overgeneralizes how an employee behaves in a work environment. These do not require any motivation to work. 4. by creating a competitive environment at the workplace Theory X managers focus on the high-level needs, while Theory Y managers focus on the low-level needs. 5. Douglas McGregor, an American social psychologist, proposed his famous X-Y theory in his 1960 book 'The Human Side Of Enterprise'. Theory X 2. her subordinates avoid responsibilities. 1. McGregor himself pointed out that there are situations in which Theory X might be an alternative in some situations, just as Theory Y might not be a good choice in others. 4. 3. 5. Theory X and Theory Y describe two very different attitudes toward workforce motivation. IvyPanda. 3. achievement In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Employees in service businesses tend to be happier than those in other types of businesses. If the previous management style is not working out, it is best to change it for better results. One day, she decides to compare the company's engagement data against the company's top competitor and shares the insights with her boss. How can managers avoid equity problems? 1. All Rights Reserved. 4. workers are not capable of self-control. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. This arrangement is called: The capacity to use a high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in solving organisational problems is widely (not narrowly) distributed among the population. It takes into consideration, the pessimistic behaviour of an average human being, who is less ambitious and inherently lazy. If she logs 40 hours in four days, she can have a three-day weekend. McGregor's Theory Y corresponds to: 1. And for the first 12 weeks after signing up, you'll receive each week a new step toward happiness at work with actions and experiments you can take to the office right away. The manager will trust the employees decisions and help them understand their contribution to the company. This is an example of an intrinsic reward. Workers have little motivation and prefer direction from their superiors. Theory X and Theory Y were proposed by management theorist Douglas McGregor. Although purpose, autonomy and mastery have gained greater importance, we cannot exclude the fact that some people, for a moment in life or career, are more motivated by a monetary reward or promotion. 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