The news came as a hard blow to Patton, whose spirits had been riding high with the prospect of pushing through the West Wall to the Rhine. Opposition was negligible and within 24 hours the entire US 5th Division had crossed the river. World War Two Timeline From The Great War To Germanys Surrender. The British prime minister had long dreamed of relieving himself on Hitlers much-vaunted Siegfried Line to show his contempt for Hitler and Nazism. But the Americans stood their ground. Leclerc also benefited from repeated tactical air strikes by P-47 Thunderbolts of Brig. Hardcover. DEste begins with Pattons early life and family and moves through his decades at a pace that makes this long book seem far shorter. As Pattons Third Army approached the Meuse River in late August, it paused before pushing into the Lorraine region. But where he crossed the Main? Eddys final plan, which was a compromise between his initial plan and that of headstrong 4th Armored Division commander Maj. Gen. John Wood, called for Brig. Even Hitlers closest supporters like Heinrich Himmler and Joseph Goebbels could clearly hear the clanging bell. This was the greatest airborne operation of the war. When a column of 11 panzers appeared out of the mist that morning, three were immediately knocked out at close range by Shermans belonging to 1st Platoon, Company C, of Abramss 37th Tank Battalion in concealed positions. National Interest Newsletter. The crossing would be difficult with German mortar and artillery guns already trained at river crossings. Patton (1895-1945) directed the amphibious landings near Casablanca during the Torch landings. Through skilled use of defensive positions, the Americans stopped the Germans from capturing the town. During the fighting around Juvelize, the Americans lost 14 Shermans and 7 Stuarts. . He wanted a quick, spectacular crossing that would produce newspaper headlines in the manner of Under extremely tough and experienced Parachute and Panzer officers and NCOs new replacements (many dedicated Nazis) had been moulded into a formidable fighting force. News of the crossing made it around the world. Manteuffel, who had arrived to take command of Fifth Army in the field only a week before, pleaded for yet another extension, arguing that his forces were not strong enough to achieve their objective. Einheiten des 3. For Gods sake, send some gasoline.. Campaigns: Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, Central Europe. Third Army, which formed the right wing of Bradleys 12th Army Group, was composed of Maj. Gen. Walton Walkers XX Corps and Eddys XII Corps. When word reached Clark that morning of another determined attack by the Germans, he ordered the entire combat command to turn back to Arracourt and sweep the area. On the night of March 22, 1945, elements of the Third Army crossed the Rhine at the German town of Oppenheim. Some 22,000 tons of assault bridging had to be brought forward, including 25,000 wooden pontoons, 2,000 assault boats, 650 Storm boats, 120 River tugs, 80 miles of balloon cable and 260 miles of steel wire rope. The combined pressure of American armor, artillery, and air support proved too much for the German armor, and as the Panthers and Mark IVs and their complement of Panzergrenadiers pulled back north, they were hammered by the Thunderbolts. Patton knew his entrance into German-occupied territory was of monumental historical importance. ww2dbaseFurther to the south, General Patch's Seventh Army crossed the Rhine River on the same day the Remagen contingent marched forward. Left: British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, in the company of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery and a party of U.S. commanders, crosses to the German-held east bank of the Rhine without incident, March25, 1945. But various factors were at work to derail those hopes. Two days earlier, Patton had told Maj. Gen. Manton Eddy that his XII Corps would lead the way. The Shermans therefore attempted to use the ridge for cover and engage the Panthers head-on, with disappointing results. Patton began drafting plans for Third Armys advance east toward the Rhine as early as September 14. HistoryOnTheNet 2000-2019. Gen. Holmes Dagers Combat Command B (CCB) to assist the 35th Infantry Division south of Nancy, and Colonel Bruce Clarks Combat Command A (CCA) to be held in reserve to exploit whichever crossing offered the most promise for a rapid breakout. Terms & Conditions; Privacy Policy In Washington, Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson declared, We gave Monty everything he asked forparatroopers, assault boats and even the Navy, and by God, Patton has crossed the Rhine!. CROSSING THE RHINE After several days of what passed for R&R (Rest & Recreation) in Koblenz, we loaded up and climbed on trucks in the late afternoon of March 24 and moved upstream on the west side of the Rhine to the small town of Boppard. So dont make any announcementwell keep it a secret until we see how it goes.. He is all through. While waiting for fuel to arrive with which to resume his eastward advance, Patton received good news from Bradley on September 4 that he would soon receive reinforcements in the form of Maj. Gen. Wade Haislips XV Corps, which would guard his right flank against German forces retreating up the Rhone Valley. Although the Panzergrenadiers on the crest had managed to hold on during the morning, the combined pressure of American ground fire and air strikes finally broke the enemys nerve and the ground troops began retreating down the southern slope in the afternoon. British sappers built another Rhine bridge, "Blackfriars", by noon. Walkers corps consisted of the 5th and 90th Infantry Divisions and the 7th Armored Division, while Eddys corps, at that time, consisted of the 35th and 80th Infantry Divisions and the 4th and 6th Armored Divisions. Crossing the Rhine 24 -31 March 1945: C-47 transport planes release hundreds of paratroops and their supplies over the Rees-Wesel area to the east of the Rhine. In 1943 he commanded the U.S. The German troops knew that the Allied forces were only taking a short time to gather up strength before the invasion into Germany would commence. Anthony Read and David Fisher, The Fall of Berlin. HTML tags are not allowed. Brad, dont tell anyone, but Im across. A surprised Bradley responded, Well, Ill be damned. (To be fair to the British 21st Army Group, their Rhine crossings were marshy (Wesel) and twice as wide, with the river carrying a far higher volume of water than the crossings consigned to the U.S. Third and Seventh Armies and the French First Army, meaning that Montgomery could not possibly cross the Rhine on the run.) The next day Patton, showing his contempt for the enemy, made good on his pledge to piss in the Rhine in a week, which he did from a pontoon bridge in full view of his men and news cameras. Altogether, the 106th Panzer Brigade lost 30 tanks and 60 halftracks, which greatly reduced the role it would play in subsequent operations. The flames were transparent orange, rising with startling swiftness. Occupied Zone in Germany. Behind the lines, Dwight Eisenhower transferred US 9th Army from Bernard Montgomery's army group to Omar Bradley's army group as Anglo-American objective shifted toward southern Germany and Czechoslovakia. Patton might have been destined to oversee U.S. forces in the invasion of France the following year, but his inability to control his emotional outbursts and a personal sense of honor and duty that blocked him from sympathizing with the trials and tribulations of frontline troops caused him to stumble. This airborne operation was the largest of its kind during the entire war, utilizing 1,625 transports, 1,348 gliders, and 889 escort fighters to deliver over 22,000 airborne infantry into the contested territory. The plan focused on Wesel, with multiple crossings set to occur along a 22-mile front on the evening of 23 March. This meant that two columns of tanks and half-tracks from the 113th would have to carry the objective themselves. After the completion of the Battle in The Ardennes, Patton and his Army turned to the south and east attacking toward the Rhine. Crossing the Rhine. By September 7, U.S. armored reconnaissance units had reached the Moselle despite resistance from Germans still on the west bank. The 134th was fortunate to find a bridge intact and threw a battalion across the river. To compensate for a reduction in forces, the main objective was switched to a strike toward Nancy to relieve those elements of the 553rd Volksgrenadier still fighting their way out of the tightening pocket. In Germany, US 1st Army captured Marburg and US 3rd Army captured Limburg am Lahn. Despite efforts to rush fuel to the frontline units, the Allies were still receiving their fuel from supply dumps in Normandy. As Third Army firmly established itself on the east bank of the Moselle at Nancy, capturing not only crossing points but also key crossroads on the east bank, the Germans had to postpone their counterattack several times and continually revise it to adjust to new events. But its fortune ended there. It was a daunting series of objectives, but Patton relished the opportunity. It is thought that the accompanying photo of General George Patton documents Patton urinating into the Rhine River. Company A, advancing on the left, gained high ground west of Juvelize, and with substantial artillery support, it checked the momentum of the enemy armor pushing south. By the time the Third Army had gained a firm foothold on the east bank of the Moselle in mid-September, the masterminds of the German high command had hatched plans for a bold strike to regain the initiative. The reversal of fortune gnawed at Patton from the outset of his service in France. Site created in November 2000. We began to cautiously filter down through the moonlit streets toward the shingled beach. But there were simply too many crossing points for the Germans to contest every one with such promptness as they had shown at Dornot, Arnaville, and Pont-a-Mousson. As blue skies gave way to rainy spells signaling autumn's approach, the U.S. Third Army readied itself for a push to the Rhine, and perhaps the honor of being the first Allied troops to hurdle the last major barrier on the road to Berlin. Mrz 2023; . You mean across the Rhine? Sure am, Patton replied, I sneaked a division over last night. To cover CCBs former position in the line, Baades 35th Infantry Division advanced to a new position west of Chateau-Salins. "It's time for another Patton to die," he said aloud. Eddys XII Corps, on the right flank, began moving up to the Moselle that same day, and Walkers XX Corps, on the left flank, started its advance the following day. At Toul, where a great bend in the Moselle channeled the Moselle away from Nancy, the Germans were content to allow McBrides 319th Infantry Regiment to cross unopposed on September 5. If Third Army was unable to cross the Moselle by September 14, Bradley told Patton, it would have to go over to the defensive. As the Allied forces gathered and prepared along the Rhine River, George Patton and the U.S. 5 th Division were quietly carrying . On Pattons left wing, Walkers XX Corps began probing the Metz defenses on September 7. On September 6, he sacked First Army commander General der Infanterie Kurt Chevallerie in favor of General der Panzertruppen Otto Knobelsdorff, who would lead German forces covering the line from Sedan to Nancy. The American tank crews also benefited from a hydraulic turret that allowed them to swing into firing position faster than the Germans slower hand-cranked traverse. Manteuffels attack for the following day involved a coordinated strike toward Arracourt using the 111th and 113th Panzer Brigades from Luttwitzs and Kruegers corps, respectively. In a clever move, he ordered the 110th Panzergrenadier Regiment to attack Hill 318 under cover of darkness. The western boundary of Lorraine is formed by the Moselle Valley and the eastern boundary by the Saare River. As expected, the Germans counterattacked at 1 pm on September 13 just as CCA began crossing the bridge. His commanding general Omar Bradley, who issued the order for him not to cross to avoid interfering with Bernard Montgomery's operations, did not know of the crossing until the next morning. Nevertheless, the Germans established strong defensive positions in two dilapidated French fortresses that effectively blocked the western approaches to the city. Eddy planned to isolate Nancy in a double envelopment. German scouts reported to the Fifth Army commander that the crossroads of Moyenvic, four miles northeast of Arracourt and three miles west of Juvelize, was unguarded and could readily serve as the gateway for an attack. By early afternoon, the Germans were fighting their way into the southern end of the town. As he came closer to the German lines, He immediately became calm, shaking off tremors of fear. In other words, they had no depth, Patton said. "The only thing that Patton told us was: 'When you get after them, chase them like hounds chasing a rabbit.' Then he said: 'Go to the Rhine and capture a bridge.' We did everything but capture. George Patton's US 5th Division crossed the Rhine River during the night of 22 Mar 1945, establishing a six-mile deep bridgehead after capturing 19,000 demoralized German troops. When the Germans attempted to withdraw, they found their escape route blocked by the 359th Infantry Regiment moving east to cut them off. Join historians and history buffs alike with our Unlimited Digital Access pass to every military history article ever published (over 3,000 articles) in Sovereigns military history magazines. The Shermans then retreated behind the crest of the ridge and reappeared at another point to finish off the three remaining Panthers. The crossing was led by a heavy artillery shelling and supplemented by an airborne operation (Operation Varsity) by the American 17th Airborne Division and the British 6th Airborne Division. The new commander, General Hermann Balck, arranged for elements of the German First Army to join the battle the following day. The fight that began that morning touched off an 11-day running tank battle that raged across the hills of southern Lorraine and tested the resourcefulness of two of World War IIs most gifted practitioners of the art of mobile warfare. In late March 1945, Gen. George Patton crossed the Rhine River on World War II veteran Glenn Chaney's bridge, pausing for the most famous bathroom break of t. The new panzer brigades each had a battalion of Panzergrenadiers drawn from the three Panzergrenadier divisions already in Lorraine. The 37th Tank Battalion was sent to the rear to rest and refit. Click here for parts Two and Three. US-Armee unter General George S. Patton (1885-1945) die Stadt Nierstein am Rhein. . Our database is searchable by subject and updated continuously. 140 kilometers to the north, British Second Army captured Wesel, Germany. Days of Combat: 91. Pattons triumph of the summer in which Third Army raced across France against light opposition had given way to the hard reality of bitter fighting along the Moselle line. Seventh Army during the Sicilian campaign (Operation Husky), and in August 1944 his Third Army became operational in northern France. The Germans did not intended to give up either without a fight. The comparatively light casualty rate experienced by the first troops across (153rd and 154th Brigades of 51st Highland Division) clearly demonstrated how thorough the preparations had been made. . Lava's technical capabilities. To their surprise, they were not opposed by enemy forces. By the end of the day on September 22, the 111th Panzer Brigade had only seven tanks from an original strength of 90 when the offensive started a week before. Captain Richard Lamison, commanding Company C, took four Shermans and raced south along a ridge to another ambush position. Initially, at least, Eddys XII Corps suffered setbacks as severe as those experienced by Walkers corps to its north. After the war Eisenhower was appointed Military Governor of the U.S. To ensure that the bridgehead could properly defend itself, Wood ordered Clarks CCA to send its lead elements across the bridge the following morning. Although the crossing was uneventful and drew no enemy fire, Tucker remembered, We swore not to push our boat into the water., Instead, once the infantrymen scrambled onto the shore, Tucker and his fellow engineer simply got back into their boat and paddled back across. First, it is aiming to offer interesting 6731 Whittier Avenue, Suite C-100 McLean, VA 22101, Stay up to date with all of our latest news, I want the world to know Third Army made it before Monty starts across, he shouted. He was confident that Eddys 35th Division, with close support of the 4th Armored, could achieve a breach and hold it open to allow Third Armys armored divisions to punch through the wall. Patton similarly arose, clutching two handfuls of German earth in his fingers, and exclaimed, Thus, William the Conqueror!That evening Patton sent a communiqu to General Eisenhower: Dear SHAEF [Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force], I have just pissed into the Rhine River. Frankfort was captured by Allied troops on 29 Mar. By dawn the Germans had seized the crest of Hill 318. Though Gen. Patton had the blessing of Twelfth Army Group head Gen. Omar Bradley (take the Rhine on the run), his intent was to steal Montys thunder on the eve of the British commanders massive buildup of land-based and airborne units and to make the British offensive anticlimactic. That remained the case in the first months of 1945. Most of the forces opposite Pattons Third Army belonged to the German First Army, which was part of General-Colonel Johannes Blaskowitzs Army Group G. Hitler planned to increase the forces opposite Patton to the point that they would be capable of launching a strong counterattack that would rock Third Army back on its heels. Ahead of the Allies were the remains of the German forces, often no more than Volkssturm or Hitlerjugend, determined to resist for as long as possible so that their Fu hrer had time to unleash his super . ALL RIGHTS RESERVED, Against All Odds: A True Story of Ultimate Courage and Survival in World War II, Forgotten: The Untold Story of D-Day's Black Heroes, at Home and at War, A Higher Call: An Incredible True Story of Combat and Chivalry in the War-Torn Skies of World War II, The Boy Who Followed His Father into Auschwitz: A True Story of Family and Survival, Pacific Crucible: War at Sea in the Pacific, 19411942 (The Pacific War Trilogy, 1), Facing the Mountain: An Inspiring Story of Japanese American Patriots in World War II, Sons and Soldiers: The Untold Story of the Jews Who Escaped the Nazis and Returned with the U.S. Army to Fight Hitler, Hitler's American Gamble: Pearl Harbor and Germanys March to Global War, The Bedford Boys: One American Town's Ultimate D-day Sacrifice, A Woman of No Importance: The Untold Story of the American Spy Who Helped Win World War II, The Splendid and the Vile: A Saga of Churchill, Family, and Defiance During the Blitz, Potsdam: The End of World War II and the Remaking of Europe. If youre interested in learning more about Patton, and his long history in and impact on the United States Army hint, its far deeper than just World War 2 Carlo DEstes biography, Patton: A Genius for War, is a good start. Seventh Army during the Sicilian campaign ( Operation Husky ), and in August 1944 his Third Army became operational in northern France. Third Armys advance would be further slowed by squabbles among Pattons lieutenants and by lack of training in fortress warfare on the part of its infantry. In addition, he ordered the creation of 10 new panzer brigades, numbered 101 to 110, each of which would boast a battalion of approximately 45 Panther tanks. Since the days of the Roman Empire it has served as central Germany's traditional defense against invasion from the west. However, Patton was aware that this would be obvious to the Germans, and therefore he and his staff made rapid plans for another site at Nierstein and Oppenheim, about 12 miles south of Mainz. Telling a story of a man whose ambition was matched by his audacity and creativity and drive, the author presents a picture of a compelling, complicated man.Interested in World War II? Patton immediately issued orders to Eddy and Walker to proceed with reconnaissance-in-force missions to determine the best points at which to cross the Moselle. In Normandy Panzergrenadier Regiment to attack Hill 318 other words, they their! Along the Rhine River on the same day the Remagen contingent marched forward 5 th were. The accompanying photo of General George Patton and the eastern boundary by Saare. Germans were fighting their way into the Lorraine region we see how it goes and in August his! Their surprise, they found their escape route blocked by the Saare River across River! Focused on Wesel, Germany in a clever move, he ordered the patton crossing the rhine Panzergrenadier Regiment to attack 318! Began probing the Metz defenses on September 13 just as CCA began crossing bridge! 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