She also spontaneously stated that she believed that a person is innocent until proven guilty. 3d 410 [153 Cal. On Halloween night in 1979, 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford became their fifth and final victim. Within five minutes, Norris had grabbed the 16 year old and wrestled her into the back of the van. As they drove along the road in Redondo Beach, Bittaker spotted Cindy and remarked, Theres a cute little blonde.. Bittaker was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and was put up for adoption as an infant. A second examination later found that he also had poor control over impulsive behavior. Norris took over the driving while Bittaker went into the back with the naked and terrified girl. Real-Time Avsnitt som spelas nu. The bodies of Schaefer and Hall were never found. The girls began to complain, but Bittaker, driving, said they wanted to go somewhere first, somewhere safe where they could smoke some pot and get high. The driver asked Shirley if she needed a lift. Shirley Ledford was 16 years young when she was abducted, assaulted, tortured and murdered on Halloween Night of 1979 by the "Toolbox Killers". During voir dire, Kuriki stated that she did not think that she could be fair, because she would get emotionally involved. Other than Daltons word, there was no evidence that he was telling the truth. Criminologist Laura Brand opened up to Newsweek about her groundbreaking interviews with "Toolbox Killers," Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris.. 2d 497, and North v. Superior Court, supra, 8 Cal. 2. Whippoorwill Vs Nighthawk, FN 8. medianet_width = "728"; This account already exists, but the email address still needs to be confirmed. Lynette climbed into the van and they drove away. Rptr. Prosecutors must demonstrate to the court that there are special circumstances that support the call for a death sentence. Kay was a seasoned prosecutor, and had over the years prosecuted every type of criminal, but the Bittaker case hit him hard. The sponsor of a memorial may add an additional. Bittaker e Norris rapirono la loro ultima vittima, la sedicenne Shirley Lynette Ledford, il 31 ottobre 1979. 3d 1069] into the mountains, engaged in various sexual acts, and took pictures. The men cursed their luck, but, not to be denied a perfect victim, the Murder Mack followed along behind, guessing correctly that somewhere along the route, the convertible would pull over and let the girl out. Andrea went to the back to get a can of soda, and when she turned back, Norris lunged out of the hiding place under the bed and attacked her. Later in People v. Fields (1983) 35 Cal. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. Oops, something didn't work. Bittaker took her around the throat and strangled her while, at the same time, Norris picked up a sledge hammer and used it to smash her seven times on the head. Its so much different than what youd hear in a horror movie. To muffle the noise, Bittaker turned the radio up high. But the display of Lynettes body was not the only mistake, and what would eventually seal their fate was from within the team itself. After Norris also raped Gilliam, they retied the girls, and all remained in the van over night. Eventually, the skeletal remains of Leah Lamp and Jackie Gilliam were discovered, what was left of them. Bynum sent an officer to Oregon along with a bunch of photographs for Shirley to look through. When the van pulled over and offered them a lift, they accepted. His adoptive father, George Bittaker, worked at aircraft factories, forcing him and his parents to move around often. On October 31, 1979, the Tool Box Killers would abduct 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford. Listen Later. We have also noted the possible invalidity of one witness-killing and four torture-murder special circumstances. Over the course of five months in 1979, Roy Norris and Lawrence Bittaker stalked Los Angeles County, kidnapping and raping five teenage girls before torturing them to death with instruments from their toolbox.. It has been suggested that Norris was having an incestuous relationship with his mother, but there doesnt seem to be any evidence of this. (The last execution in California took place in 2006 and since then there has been a Federal Court ordered moratorium on the death penalty in California over the lethal injection controversy.) 3d 1077] to determine the van's "evidentiary value" as is permitted by the Teale (supra, 70 Cal.2d 497) line of cases. A system error has occurred. 866, 647 P.2d 142] (see People v. Valenzuela (1984) 151 Cal. Certain portions were read by the prosecutor, and acknowledged by defendant, on cross-examination. Wikimedia CommonsShirley Lynette Ledford suffered one of the worst deaths in history at the hands of the Toolbox Killers in 1979. Norris described the other photographs, which showed Hall nude in various poses. based on information from your browser. fn. The second stage of the criminal trial, now that he had been found guilty, would be to determine what punishment he would suffer. Bittaker, on the other hand, seemed to be amused by the whole proceedings. 890, 583 P.2d 748]; People v. Carmichael, supra, 198 Cal. He would commit a crime, get sent to jail, and then, shortly after, he would be released and then promptly repeat the whole thing again. Bittaker and Norris also murdered Lucinda Schaefer, 16, of Torrance, on June 24 of that year; Andrea Joy Hall, 18, of Tujunga, on July 8, 1979; and Shirley Lynette Ledford, 16, of Sun Valley, on . over 130). Victims No. They would pick up a girl from one of the teen years, 13 through to 19, and kidnap her. [17a] This reasoning necessarily implies that an erroneous denial of a challenge for cause can be cured by giving the defendant an additional peremptory challenge. (h).) Unable to resist, she was dragged behind a hedge where Norris raped her. Shirley Ledford. Bittaker and Norris decided that this time they would not dispose of the body by throwing it from a cliff. But, as time passed, they realized they were safe. medianet_height = "250"; An initial execution date was set. Defendant not only demonstrates, but glories in his readiness to commit murder, rape, and torture. The audio tape Bittaker and Norris created of themselves raping and torturing Shirley Lynette Ledford remains in the possession of the FBI Academy. The police and the community were stunned by the discovery. Family members linked to this person will appear here. Within a short space of time, he had been arrested for hit and run, auto theft, and evading arrest. Weve updated the security on the site. Dead Man Game, FN 30. Shirley Ledford's body was discovered shortly after she was killed. Norris could not get the hanger tight enough, but defendant used pliers to tighten it and kill Schaefer. Detective Paul Bynum, who was leading the investigation, listened carefully to Daltons story. Once again, the experts considered him to be a borderline psychotic. Norris stated that on two occasions, Bittaker had saved his life, though there are no details of what happened on these occasions. 13-year-old Jacqueline Leah Lamp and 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford. Shirley Lynette Ledford suffered one of the worst deaths in history at the hands of the Toolbox Killers in 1979. It would provide me with closure. ". 3d 461 [199 Cal.Rptr. 3194]) or under California decisions which govern searches antedating DeLancie v. Superior Court (1982) 31 Cal. It was Sunday, June 24, 1979, and Lucinda Cindy Schaeffer had been to the St. Andrews Presbyterian Church in Redondo Beach, where she had taken part in a Christian Youth meeting. After wrapping the curtain around her, she was placed back in the van, and the two men drove around for a while looking for a suitable dumping spot. He later said it brought him to tears, and caused him to change his stance on capital punishment, from anti to pro. Lawrence Bittaker's trial began on Jan. 19, 1981. She told the officer that these were the two men that had attacked her. Their goal was to cover all aspects of true crime: Read More, Contents Copyright 1998-2020 by Crime Magazine | J. Patrick O'Connor Editor | E-mail CrimeMagazine.com, Designed by Orman. (P. You already receive all suggested Justia Opinion Summary Newsletters. The Toolbox Killer Airs Sunday, October 3rd On Halloween 1979, a 16-year-old girl named Shirley "Lynette" Ledford, who lived in Burbank, California, decided to hitchhike home after a party. (Pp. Forest Lawn Memorial Park. The assessment by the doctors at Atascadero that Norris was no further danger was disproved when Norris spotted a 27-year-old woman who was walking home after having a quarrel with her boyfriend. Shirley said that she didnt and carried on walking. 3d 1106] Ketchel, supra, 59 Cal. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 10 True Crime Stories in History that will Freeze you to the Core 1. medianet_width = "300"; The audio cassette of Lynette Ledfords torture is in the hands of the FBI, and is used to desensitize new agents to the reality of torture and murder. . During their time together, the two men became close, and Bittaker came up with what he considered a fun thing to do when they were both out of prison. Andrea Hall, 18; Jacqueline Gilliam, 15; Jacqueline Leah Lamp, 13; and Shirley Lynette Ledford, 16, were killed over the following five months. Norris pulled up and asked her if she wanted a lift. No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. This would have enabled his attorney to research Douglas's background, prepare for his testimony and assess whether they should have modified the defense strategy in light of Douglas's expected testimony. As the days and weeks passed, and no one had come looking for them, the men began to relax, and confident that they were not being sought by the police, they began to cruise the streets once more. (See People v. Rist (1976) 16 Cal. Make sure that the file is a photo. There are no volunteers for this cemetery. Town Of Cotuit Ma Assessors Database, The remains of Cindy Schaeffer and Andrea Hall have never been found. And I think that the record should be made clear that it was based on your ruling that we cannot ask any questions." Instead they were headed north, in the opposite direction, away from the beach. Much like the other victims, Shirley endured horrific rapes and torture with several instruments, including screwdrivers. On March 24, the judge agreed with the recommendation of the jury, and Bittaker was sentenced to death. There, he was given a psychiatric examination, and he was found to be a manipulative and borderline psychotic with concealed hostility. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. Il procuratore Stephen Kay . 6. medianet_crid = "168111523"; They would get together on weekends, and go to the beach where defendant would photograph teenage girls. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Rptr. The ruling of the court in thus limiting the appellant in his examination of the jurors was, in our opinion, the deprival of the appellant of a fundamental right, -- a right to be tried by an impartial jury. The two men didnt catch her. 3d 539 [128 [48 Cal. Caldwell v. Mississippi, supra, 472 U.S. 320, however, tells us that the sentencer must assume the full burden of deciding whether a defendant should live or die. The reason that Norris had been caught, Bittaker told him, was that he left a witness alive. Rptr. E1 P2 | Halloween Edition: The Toolbox Murders. Lawrence Sigmond Bittaker, who was responsible for the death of five California teenage girls 40 years ago, died of natural causes at 4 p.m. Friday at San Quentin State . WebThe audio tape Bittaker and Norris created of themselves raping and torturing Shirley Lynette Ledford remains in the possession of the FBI Academy. In 1990, the actor Scott Glenn was getting ready for his role of Jack Crawford, the FBI profiler in the film The Silence Of The Lambs. At the beginning of the tape, the sounds one hears are of Bittaker slapping her. As she tried to get away, Bittaker punched her in the face as hard as he could. To view a photo in more detail or edit captions for photos you added, click the photo to open the photo viewer. Under these circumstances, it is most unlikely that the jury would have been led by the prosecutor's explanation of the decisionmaking process to refrain from considering whether defendant's conduct warranted the death penalty, and induced instead to engage in a dispassionate analysis of the statutory factors to confirm that the aggravating predominate by at least 50.1 to 49.9 percent. Instead, they could commit whatever acts they wanted while driving through the streets of Los Angeles. Your account has been locked for 30 minutes due to too many failed sign in attempts. 3d 392 [174 Cal. His attorney filed another appeal. Displayed on their lawn, like a discarded Halloween prop, was the naked and tortured body of the young girl. Norris was not the type to be put off by this, and so he leapt off the bike and attacked her. Victim No. . With the marks of the pliers on the body, the media dubbed the murderer The Toolbox Killer.. In the absence of any reference to parole, pardon, commutation, or the like, we do not think the prosecutor's comment can be considered misconduct. They even gave it a nickname, the Murder Mack.. TRANSCRIPT OF SHIRLEY LYNETTE LEDFORD AUDIO RECORDING#Shirleylynetteledford #toolboxkillers #behindhistory Lawrence Bittaker died of natural caused on December 13, 2019, at . Required fields are marked *. Learn more about merges. The coat hanger was still wrapped around her neck. They recorded them too. Jackie and Leah were continuously raped and tortured with wire coat hangers and pliers, and Bittaker took around 25 photographs of their ordeal. The audio cassette is now used to train and desensitize FBI agents to the raw reality of torture and murder. An audio tape of Shirley Lynette Ledford's final moments, found in Bittaker's van, would be the most damning evidence at the trial. Norris got out and pretended to be repairing it. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. Using a pair of vice grip pliers, both men used it to twist and tighten the hanger like a garrote. When defendant was tried in 1981, the court apparently overlooked both Wiley, supra, 18 Cal. 2d 711, 726, 91 S. Ct. 3d 1100] that, absent the error in question, the jury would have reached a different result. During this examination, Bittaker told them that robbery made him feel important. The two then opted to dump her body on a random lawn in the Sunland neighborhood, because they wanted to see the press reaction to its discovery. They smoked some grass and then began to question the terrified girl, asking about her family and her boyfriend. In addition, they had come across a gated fire road and smashed the padlock to gain access. A Los Angeles County jury convicted Lawrence Bittaker of five counts of murder, five counts of kidnapping as well as other charges. Ice picks are also used on the girl, and all the while, Bittaker is demanding that she screams louder and harder. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Jackie Gilliam was 15 years old, Leah Lamp just 13. Norris was sent to the Atascadero State Hospital, a psychiatric institution, where, after examination, he was diagnosed as a mentally disordered sex offender. fn. Shirley Lynette Ledford. medianet_versionId = "3111299"; Murder of Shirley Lynette Ledford Tool Box Killers. This memorial has been copied to your clipboard. Bittaker was also picked up and charged on suspicion of the kidnap and rape of Shirley Sanders. While inside this time, he was given another psychiatric examination. All photos appear on this tab and here you can update the sort order of photos on memorials you manage. The pair would become collectively known as "The Toolbox Killers," and though investigators could only imagine the horrific fate suffered by the four women the men had murdered between February and September, in the case of 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford there was absolutely no doubt about what had transpired on that Halloween night. But this time, they made a mistake. It looked to her that there was only one man in the van, so she said yes and got in. You can customize the cemeteries you volunteer for by selecting or deselecting below. Resend Activation Email. Sorry! (Carmichael, p. 3d 425, 436 [162 Cal. They were only caught after Norris told another former inmate. While out and under the watchful eyes of the police, he was seen selling marijuana, which was a parole violation. Whatever it was, by the time he was 16, Lawrence had dropped out of school and was beginning to get into trouble with the authorities. The two men then turned to Leah, who had watched the whole thing. After Bittaker was freed on November 15, 1978, he moved to Los Angeles and waited for his friend to be released. FN 26. 3d 739, 768; People v. Linden, supra, 52 Cal. A los cinco minutos de entrar en la camioneta Bittaker tir a Shirley del asiento del pasajero en la parte de atrs de la camioneta. For both men, they have, effectively, got life sentences for the murder of five girls. The recording is now used in FBI training. After their release, Bittaker and Norris began their string of killings with the abduction and murder of 16-year-old Lucinda Lynn "Cindy" Schaefer, reported the Los Angeles Times in 1989. Oops, we were unable to send the email. Failed to report flower. Recording the ordeal, he started torturing Shirley as Norris drove the van. Tool Box Killers. Unbelievably, and despite the opinion of experts, the authorities once again released Bittaker. 3d 731, 758 [117 Cal. The email does not appear to be a valid email address. Lawfulness of search of impounded van. Bittaker was sentenced to death for his crimes, but he ultimately died in prison in 2019. Norris got out and stood guard while defendant raped Hall. Lawrence "Pliers" Bittaker has now been on death row for 31 years. Twice during the trial, Kay broke down and wept at the brutality that the defendant had inflicted on these young girls. Ledford's body was discovered shortly after she was murdered. Dalton didnt believe one word of it, thinking Norris was trying to make himself look important. Instead, surveillance was placed on the pair. Los siguientes cuatro meses, los 'Tookbox Killers' mataron a cuatro chicas ms (Andrea Joy Hall, de 18 aos, Jacqueline Gilliam, de 15, Leah Lamp, de 13, y Shirley Lynette Ledford, de 16 . This time, they didnt go along their usual route, the PCH corridor. Rest forever in peace Shirley Lynette Ledford, may we meet in Heaven or when Judgment day comes. Rptr. She was followed by Andrea Joy Hall, 18; Jacqueline Doris Gilliam, 15; Jacqueline Leah Lamp, 13, and Shirley Lynette Ledford, 16. Norris was sentenced to 45 years to life. cemeteries found in Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles County, California, USA will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Defendant testified that none of the victims was restrained involuntarily in his presence. Previously sponsored memorials or famous memorials will not have this option. This account has been disabled. The men finally tire of her, and they wrap a wire coat hanger around her throat. But there can be a long time between a sentence of death and the carrying out of the sentence. What Happened To Mike Rush On Kvue, Year should not be greater than current year. Try again. On Halloween night, 1979, at approximately 10:30 p.m. Lawrence Bittaker and Roy Norris abducted their final victim, 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford as she hitchhiked home from a Halloween party in Los Angeles. 732, 579 P.2d 1048], we relied on Teale, supra, 70 Cal. Bittaker, hearing about the arrest, started destroying the evidence. He was convicted on five counts of first-degree murder, and sentenced to death; however, due to multiple appeals, he ultimately died in prison in December 2019 at age 79. Grabbing Andrea, he jammed the pick through her ear and into her brain. Between February and June, the two men drove up and down the Pacific Coast Highway where they would stop at beaches, talk with some of the girls there and snap photographs, seemingly acting like a couple of normal guys, rather than two men practicing for a killing spree. They were a perfect match for each other, but it was not one made in Heaven. A staff writer for All That's Interesting, Austin Harvey has also had work published with Discover Magazine, Giddy, and Lucid covering topics on mental health, sexual health, history, and sociology. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. After serving just two thirds of his sentence, the doctors released him. Louie followed defendant outside and asked if defendant had forgotten to pay for anything. He was soon taken by Mr. and Mrs. George Bittaker, and baby Lawrence Sigmund Bittaker became part of a loving family. 3d 1078] warrant, those objects then in plain view which evidenced defendant's criminal acts. 15, and Jacqueline Leah Lamp, 13, on Sept. 2, 1979; and 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford on Oct. 31, 1979. . FN 22. 3 and 4 15-Year Old Jackie Gilliam and 13-Year-Old Leah Lamp. fn. Norris and Bittaker were apprehended in November, after Norris told a friend about Lynettes murder, as well as 4 others he and Bittaker had committed in the previous few months; in those they had dumped the victims bodies in remote locations, so they had not yet been found. He spends his time writing appeals and filing frivolous lawsuits, including one where he claimed to have been subjected to cruel and unusual punishment by the prison system. When he returned, defendant was alone. However, the audio tape of Shirleys torture and murder was instrumental in ensuring both Bittaker and Norris would never again see the light of day. Subsequent cases, however, have steadily drawn back from the use of a per se standard. Some of these photographs came into possession of defense counsel, who turned them over to the police, and they were admitted into evidence. On the sidewalk sat one lone shoe, dropped from Cindys foot as she was dragged into the van. Norris struggled with Cindy in the back, but then managed to get a strip of duct tape across her mouth, and managed to bind her wrists and ankles. (e) The method of weighing factors and determining penalty. Around noon, thats exactly what happened. And once again, in June, 1967, he violated parole. Markman concluded that Bittaker was not a borderline psychotic, but was, instead, a classic sociopath, explaining that Bittaker was incapable of learning the rules of society. (See Warden v. Hayden, supra, 387 U.S. Defense counsel asked Staggs if it was her position that, because of "your strong feelings about victims of rape, that you would be unable to really [48 Cal. He would never stop committing his crimes, and in fact would escalate to more serious offenses. It has been more than 31 years since Lawrence Bittaker was sentenced to death, and still he sits on death row in San Quentin awaiting his punishment. Douglas showed him some of the things they had to work with. Within 5 minutes of Shirley Lynette entering the van (which Bittaker and Norris referred to as "Murder Mac"), Bittaker had driven to a quiet side street, where he slammed on the brakes of the van before throwing Shirley from the passenger seat into the rear of the van. Superior Court (1972) 8 Cal. While they were murdering girls and throwing their bodies from the cliffs into the canyons, the two men were relatively safe. The girls continued making complaints and said they wanted to get out, and Norris was trying to shut them up, but failing. Lawrence Bittaker will be 72 at the end of this year, and with his appeals, frivolous lawsuits and delays, he will more likely die from old age before the state executes him. He ended up serving time with the California Youth Authority, where he stayed until he was 19. He went off to the bushes and started to vomit. There was an error deleting this problem. He didnt have to wait long. It was late, and when the GMC van drew alongside her, she was grateful for the ride. Please try again later. He didn't say that he couldn't do it." Ms. R. also selected defendant's photograph out of a photographic lineup of potential suspects. The sliding door was closed and the van sped off. Norris testified against Bittaker after pleading guilty to all . There was an error deleting this problem. Juror Mims was uncertain whether he could return a death verdict and told the judge, "If you ask me if I could kill somebody, I don't know. fn. He had served less than three years. Norris was arrested first, giving Bittaker just enough time to destroy evidence. Norris would later claim that for most of the time, he was high on drugs and therefore unable to disobey Bittaker. Instead, they headed to the residential area of Sunland and Tujunga districts, located in the San Fernando Valley. Now, with everything in place, it was time to start the game. There is 1 volunteer for this cemetery. Norris ran up and tackled her to the ground from behind, and then hit her on the head with a rock. 31 But since any prejudice from the prosecutor's comment could have been cured by a timely objection and admonition, defense counsel's failure to object thus bars consideration of this issue. But, appropriately for Halloween, her night turned into one of terror. Bittaker was sentenced to death for the killings in 1981; Norris took a plea deal to avoid the death penalty and testified against Bittaker. Shortly after, Bittaker decided to do some shoplifting, and while in a supermarket, he picked up a steak and hid it down his pants, then walked out. fn. Your email address will not be published. Andrea told him, pleading for life, and then Bittaker told her that he didnt think her reasons were good enough. It had been close. Prison, of course. Once on the ground, he proceeded to slam her head continuously against the concrete. He then removed it, and did the same with the other ear. As Norris tried to put all the blame on Bittaker, Bittaker, in his turn, tried to blame Norris. In Ketchel (which was tried before Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968) 391 U.S. 510 [20 L. Ed. The following February, 1980, Norris took Steve Kay, Detective Bynum, and a mountain rescue team to the sites where they dumped the bodies. Defendant kidnapped and murdered five teenage girls, raped four of them, and tortured at least one. The recording chronicles the two hour torture of Shirley Lynette. The overly confident Norris waved his right to counsel and the interrogation began. This case was, as the prosecutor said, one of the most horrendous murder cases ever tried in this state. When actor Scott Glenn was preparing for the role of Jack Crawford in The Silence of the Lambs, he listened to the tape. The Jury Hears The Tape Of Shirley Lynette Ledford's Horrible Death Roy Norris plead guilty, sparing him the death penalty, and on May 7, 1980, was sentenced to 45 years to life, with parole eligibility from 2010. (See also People v. Guzman (1988) 45 Cal. Rather, "'[T]here must be a nexus -- automatically provided in the case of fruits, instrumentalities or contraband -- between the item to be seized and criminal behavior. 3d 1094]. On this record we conclude that the trial court erred in denying the challenge for cause. Los Angeles County, California, USA. But it didnt kill her. Finally, they came across a deep canyon. The sliding door opened and Cindy was forced into the van, screaming. medianet_height = "90"; This conviction, in August, 1959, got him a sentence of 18 months in an Oklahoma Federal reformatory. They drove around until they found a suitable lawn, finally choosing one in Hermosa Beach, then they dragged the body from the van. 3d 180, 189 [198 Cal. App. Paroled once more, he went back to prison in October, 1964. Are you sure that you want to report this flower to administrators as offensive or abusive? Halloween night, 1979, 16-year-old Shirley Lynette Ledford made one fatal mistake trusting the two men who offered her a ride. The van pulled ahead and stopped, and Norris got out. 2d 782, 87 S. Ct. 1642], and People v. Hill, supra, 12 Cal. Stupidly, Norris began to brag about the four girls he and Bittaker had already murdered, describing their exploits in great detail. Arresting officers' compliance with section 844. She also had extensive tearing of her genitals and rectum from the pliers. But we did not endorse the prosecutor's arguments in Hendricks, Guzman or Boyde. Lynette told him, Ill scream if you stop hitting me., But Norris didnt stop. Two weeks later, on Sunday, July 8, the two men went out hunting again. 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