While working as a senior member of British intelligence, he spied on behalf of the Soviet NKVD and KGB from the early 1930s until his defection. He and Aileen were married on 25 September 1946, while Aileen was pregnant with their fourth child, Miranda. His father Harold ''Kim'' Philby was a product of the British ruling class but, like his own eccentric father, the explorer and Arabist St John Philby, contemptuous of it. Were sorry, this feature is currently unavailable. Philby had repeated his claim that there were no such agents. But in Russia he is still admired as a hero. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. [11][pageneeded] On a short trip back from Spain, Philby tried to recruit Flora Solomon as a Soviet agent; she was the daughter of a Russian banker and gold dealer, a relative of the Rothschilds, and wife of a London stockbroker. On 23 May, concerned that Maclean had not yet fled, Philby wired Burgess, ostensibly about his Lincoln convertible abandoned in the Embassy car park. Philby confirmed that he had worked for the KGB and that "his purpose in life was to destroy imperialism".[80]. She lived separately from Philby, settling with their children in Crowborough while he lived first in London and later in Beirut. Turkish intelligence took them to a border crossing into Georgia but soon afterwards shots were heard. Then they boarded what was described as a small military-type aircraft which flew them to Moscow to be reunited with Donald. After Donald Maclean fled to Moscow to escape arrest in Britain as the spy who, for 15 years, had passed state secrets to the Soviet Union, friends of his wife, Melinda, found it easy to believe that she knew nothing of her husbands treachery. I dont accept Philbys excuses. Pierre-Charles Path. Weakened by alcoholism and frequent sickness, she died of influenza in December 1957.[91]. Want to Read. They subsequently moved to Britain; however, as Philby assumed the role of a fascist sympathiser, they separated. In 1948, troubled by the heavy drinking and frequent depressions that had become a feature of her husband's life in Istanbul, she experienced a breakdown of this nature, staging an accident and injecting herself with urine and insulin to cause skin disfigurations. His ashes were brought back to England, as he had requested, and buried in his parents grave after dark and by torchlight so that the press would not get wind of it. He was recruited by Soviet intelligence in 1934. Certain aspects of Soviet life did indeed disappoint Philby, with his wife claiming he was "particularly irritated by Brezhnev". But the rezident (Russian term for spymaster) in France, probably Pierre at this time, suggested to Moscow that he suspected Philby's motives. [74] When the news broke, MI6 came under criticism for failing to anticipate and block Philby's defection, though Elliott was to claim he could not have prevented Philby's flight. Eleanor found Melinda amusing but nervous and highly strung and yearning for the luxuries of Western capitalism. [ | ] 1912 ' ( '), . It has since been suggested that the whole confrontation with Elliott had been a charade to convince the KGB that Philby had to be brought back to Moscow, where he could serve as a British penetration agent of Moscow Centre. John Philby, who has died aged 65, was the eldest son of the Russian spy Kim Philby, unmasked in 1963 as a double agent and the notorious Third Man in the Cambridge spy ring of the 1930s. Donald refused to become part of the twilight brigade community of defectors, down-at-heel, disillusioned and wondering how they had got there. When Melinda and the children joined him, they moved into a small apartment and the children were put into the local Soviet schools. That summer, friends thought her distracted. To order a copy for 15, visit mailshop.co.uk/ books or call 0844 571 0640. To the frequent question, ''No relation, I hope? The head of MI6, Dick White, only recently transferred from MI5, had suspected Philby as the "third man". In 1940 he was interviewed by MI5 officers in London, led by Jane Archer. Director Susan Johnson Writers Kara Holden (screenplay by) Caren Lissner (based on the novel by) Stars Bel Powley Nathan Lane Scott Keiji Takeda See production, box office & company info Watch on Netflix This is absolutely the best place for us. I knew what I wanted to know and that was the end of the affair. He was tall and fair; she was slight with curly, dark hair. His mother, Dora nee Johnston, was his father's first wife. If one accepts Philbys propaganda one can repeat Philbys non-double agent claim. Philby suffered only a minor head wound. [11][pageneeded], A more serious incident occurred in August 1945, when Konstantin Volkov, an NKVD agent and vice-consul in Istanbul, requested political asylum in Britain for himself and his wife. H. Saint John Philby, in full Harry Saint John Bridger Philby, (born April 3, 1885, Saint Johns, Badula, Ceylon [now Sri Lanka]died September 30, 1960, Beirut, Lebanon), British explorer and Arabist, the first European to cross the Rub al-Khali, or Empty Quarter, of Arabia from east to west. The stammering, debonair Philby was suspected of being the so-called Third Man and, although he was investigated, he swore that he did not know Maclean. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Maclean seemed totally at one with Soviet ways and believed to his death that the USSR and its new society has a much better prospect than the old of overcoming the major ills and injustices of our civilisation. This role allowed him to conduct sabotage and instruct agents on how to properly conduct sabotage. Maclean was unsure how to act, feeling a mixture of guilt and love, not knowing where he stood with the children he had abandoned and not been able to contact. Life is good here in every way.. He did a lot with us., Philby was sent to Beirut in 1956 to work for The Observer, leaving his children in London, after being. For a large sum of money, Volkov offered the names of three Soviet agents inside Britain, two of whom worked in the Foreign Office and a third who worked in counter-espionage in London. Shortly afterward, Philby was moved to the job as chief SIS representative in Washington, D.C., with his family. Years after the war, Sir Hardy Amies, who had served as an intelligence officer during the war, recalled that Philby was in his mess and on being asked what the infamous spy was like, Hardy quipped, "He was always trying to get information out of memost significantly the name of my tailor". A person of high intelligence struggles to make sense of the world as it relates to morality, relationships, sex, and leaving her apartment. A plaque in his honour was. In June 1934, Deutsch recruited him to the Soviet intelligence services. [47] His dissolution had a troubling effect on Philby; the morning after a particularly disastrous and drunken party, a guest returning to collect his car heard voices upstairs and found "Kim and Guy in the bedroom drinking champagne. When the Germans threatened to overrun Paris in 1940, where she was then living at this time, Philby arranged for Friedmann's escape to Britain. But it was resumed a few months later, when he received a letter from his father in Moscow. He and Pukhova married in 1971, when he was 59 and she was 38. Some could never quite come to terms that he was a traitor. Harry St John Bridger Philby, CIE (3 April 1885 - 30 September 1960), also known as Jack Philby or Sheikh Abdullah ( Arabic: ), was a British Arabist, adviser, explorer, writer, and a colonial intelligence officer who served as an advisor to King Abdulaziz al-Saud, the founder of Saudi Arabia . They knew the risks they were running. [67] When Nicholas Elliott met Philby in late 1962, the first time since Golitsyn's defection, he found Philby too drunk to stand and with a bandaged head; he had fallen repeatedly and cracked his skull on a bathroom radiator, requiring stitches. Philby or his Russian bosses dreamed up this claim so he would not be seen as a traitor to democratic Britain. Jubilee Statistical Yearbook]", "The national economy of the USSR for 70 years. (. However, his son told The Telegraph that his fathers contribution to the physical demise of Western intelligence operatives is overstated: there is no information that anyone died as a result of Kim Philbys treachery, he said. Source for information on Philby, Harry St. John Bridger: The Columbia . Philby, one of the few British intelligence officers operating in America at the time, was an obvious possibility. Philby occupied himself by writing his memoirs, which were published in the UK in 1968 under the title My Silent War; they were not published in the Soviet Union until 1980. They had already been down to the Embassy but being unable to work had come back". When visiting Paris after the war, he was shocked to discover that the address that he used for Mlle Dupont was that of the Soviet embassy. Philby was posted to the United States the following year, and Burgess, who was second secretary at the British Embassy, lodged with the Philbys at their ramshackle house in Washington. Photograph: Daily Mail/Rex Features, MI5missed early chance to expose Soviet agent Kim Philby, files reveal, Charlotte Philby: We visited Kim in Moscow, Love and Deception: Philby in Beirut by James Hanning review the spy who loved, maybe, ASplinter of Ice review Graham Greene and Kim Philby clink glasses, Graham Greenes showdown with Soviet spy Kim Philby: A Splinter of Ice review, KimPhilby: new revelations about spy emerge in secret files, George Blake exemplified the desolation, waste and treachery of the cold war, Moscow names square after British double agent Kim Philby, Athriller of spies and betrayal: by Kim Philbys granddaughter. [71] However, others maintain that he escaped through Syria, overland to Soviet Armenia and thence to Russia. Colonel David Smiley, an aristocratic Guards officer who had helped Enver Hoxha and his Communist guerillas to liberate Albania, now prepared to remove Hoxha. He fell for her the moment he met her among the bohemian set he socialised with in Paris, where he was a British diplomat. "Kim" Philby, history, interviews, KGB, MI6, News, NKVD, Rufina Pukhova-Philby, UK, USSR. [34], During 194243, Philby's responsibilities were then expanded to include North Africa and Italy, and he was made the deputy head of Section Five under Major Felix Cowgill, an army officer seconded to SIS. [82] Philby continued to read The Times, which was not generally available in the USSR, listened to the BBC World Service, and was an avid follower of cricket. Harry had 6 siblings: Mary B Philby, Kathleen V Philby and 4 other siblings. Philby replied that none had been sent and that none was undergoing training at that time. She sensed that the Macleans marriage was a difficult one again, with Donald on occasion still getting hopelessly drunk. [33] Thanks to British counter-intelligence efforts, of which Philby's Iberian subsection formed a significant part, the project (Abwehr code-name Bodden) never came to fruition. He trained Albanian commandossome of whom were former Nazi collaboratorsin Libya or Malta. You can give that to the International Organisation for Aid for Revolutionaries. It was a miracle. Burgess did not cope well. [46], In January 1950, on evidence provided by the Venona intercepts, Soviet atomic spy Klaus Fuchs was arrested. She noted that they produced an extraordinary wealth of information on German war plans but next to nothing on the repeated question of British penetration of Soviet intelligence in either London or Moscow. Wages and incomes of the population. "[59] Following this, Philby gave a press conference in whichcalmly, confidently, and without the stammer he had struggled with since childhoodhe reiterated his innocence, declaring, "I have never been a communist. Johnson was killed outright, and Neil and Sheepshanks soon died of their injuries. Melinda, now officially Natasha Frazer, hated Kuybyshev, which she found very primitive, and for a while Donald was depressed and disillusioned by the reality of Soviet Russia. Eventually, Tommy visited Kim five times in Moscow in the 1970s. Harry St. John Philby, () 3.73 avg rating 11 ratings. [37], In February 1934, Philby married Litzi Friedmann, an Austrian Jewish communist whom he had met in Vienna. (LogOut/ In Vienna, working to aid refugees from Germany, Philby met Litzi Friedmann (born Alice Kohlmann), a young Austrian communist of Hungarian Jewish origins. But for intelligence history aficionados it marked the 50th anniversary of the escape to Moscow of notorious double spy Harold Adrian Russell Philby. Date of birth/Age: Jan 16, 2000 (23) Citizenship . Pukhova said he was a "special" and principled man. Melinda returned to Donald, but two years later moved to her own apartment. [64], In 1961, Anatoliy Golitsyn, a major in the First Chief Directorate of the KGB, defected to the United States from his diplomatic post in Helsinki. In fact, Philby and Maclean's fellow spy, Burgess, were intimate friends; tipped off by Philby, who organised their defection, they fled to Moscow. [58] He and Eleanor divorced and she departed Moscow in May 1965. [3], Secret files released to the National Archives in late 2020 indicated that the UK government had intentionally conducted a campaign to keep Philby's spying confidential "to minimise political embarrassment" and prevent the publication of his memoirs, according to a report by The Guardian. When Jane Archer (who had interviewed Krivitsky) was appointed to Philby's section he moved her off investigatory work in case she became aware of his past. Born in India in 1912, Philby became a communist sympathiser after leaving Cambridge and began working as a KGB informer in the mid 1930s in London. A similar lapse occurred with a report from the Imperial Japanese Embassy in Moscow sent to Tokyo. Nonetheless, the information was publicized in 1967 when Philby granted an interview to Murray Sayle of The Times in Moscow. Kim Philby attended Trinity College, Cambridge, where, in the early 1930s, with Guy Burgess, Donald Maclean and others, he espoused communism. He took a job at a monthly magazine, the World Review of Reviews, for which he wrote a large number of articles and letters (sometimes under a variety of pseudonyms) and occasionally served as "acting editor. Little Donald said perhaps he had gone to India because that would be a good place to hide.. The situation in Washington was tense. It was a mystery. Could they have overlooked Philby's Communist wife?" '', he would reply: ''Oh yes, I'm his son.''. As a result of this accident, Philby, who was well-liked by the Nationalist forces whose victories he trumpeted, was awarded the Red Cross of Military Merit by Franco on 2 March 1938. Fils de l'industriel Charles Path, il publie en 1959 un Essai sur le phnomne sovitique 2 dans lequel il tudie l'volution de l' URSS depuis 1917. Two years later, a Sunday Times correspondent was in Moscow and about to pack his bags after an unsuccessful attempt to interview the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, when, out of the blue, he was invited to a room in his hotel. [27] His time at Section D, however, was short-lived; the "tiny, ineffective, and slightly comic" section[28] was soon absorbed by the Special Operations Executive (SOE) in the summer of 1940. "His alcoholism was suicide," she told the Moskovsky Komsomolets newspaper. When the news broke in Britain that she, too, had defected, the Press rounded on Melinda, turning the pathetic and lonely figure theyd previously portrayed her as into a scheming deceiver. The Macleans lived well, housed in a smart building overlooking the river, in a splendid six-room flat which they gradually filled with bric--brac and furniture shipped from home. She asked, "Could the SIS really be such fools they failed to notice suitcase-loads of papers leaving the office? On their first night in Moscow, an elated Burgess and Maclean had dined in style on a great hotel balcony on the first floor overlooking the Kremlin and got drunk on vodka. She hoped Donald would now find a way of getting in touch with her. Philby was suspected of tipping off two other spies under suspicion of Soviet espionage, Donald Maclean and Guy Burgess, both of whom subsequently fled to Moscow in May 1951. [11][pageneeded] After being evacuated from Boulogne on 21 May, he returned to France in mid-June and began representing The Daily Telegraph in addition to The Times. Wife of George Glen Carnegie Milne. [citation needed], The SIS planned to interrogate Maclean on 28 May 1951. I was serving the interests of the Soviet Union and those interests required that these men were defeated. In our final extract, she secretly joins him behind the Iron Curtain. Volkov's defection had been discussed with the British Embassy in Ankara on telephones which turned out to have been tapped by Soviet intelligence. I hope you've enough decency left to understand why. Contained in the traffic (intercepted and decrypted as part of the Venona project) was information that documents had been sent to Moscow from the British Embassy in Washington. On the strength of his knowledge and experience of Franco's Spain, Philby was put in charge of the subsection which dealt with Spain and Portugal. [43][pageneeded] Clearly there had been leaks and Philby was later suspected as one of the leakers. He barely embraced his wife. Speaking on the anniversary of his late fathers defection, he described him as a very kind man and a very good father, who had his belief [in] communism [and] carried it out. He claimed he made the admission to her to excuse his lateness for their meetings when he was busy handling documents and rendezvousing with his Soviet handler. 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He was known to have been friends with the brazenly gay and immoderate Burgess, who had lived for a time in Philby's house on Nebraska Avenue in Washington. Harry St John Philby was devastated to not become the first westerner to cross the Empty Quarter. Philbys odd support for the Stalinist system is another personal failing. Officially, his post was that of First Secretary to the British Embassy; in reality, he served as chief British intelligence representative in Washington. The rendezvous took place in Regents Park. They lived together for three years, until a younger woman caught the philandering Philby's eye. And here he was struck by disappointment, brought to tears. In the capital, he became a magazine correspondent, then a teacher and analyst in a research institute for foreign and economic affairs. In 1940 he began working for the United Kingdom's Secret Intelligence Service (SIS or MI6). [62], In Lebanon, Philby at first lived in Mahalla Jamil, his father's large household located in the village of Ajaltoun, just outside Beirut. [5] He also began working for both the Soviet and British intelligence, which usually consisted of posting letters in a crude code to a fictitious girlfriend, Mlle Dupont in Paris, for the Russians. It was ten years before he was given a minor role in the training of KGB recruits. [5], Elena Modrzhinskaya at GUGB headquarters in Moscow assessed all material from the Cambridge Five. 1951Tips off fellow Cambridge Spy Donald Maclean that a warrant has been issued for his arrest. As for Melinda the central figure in the circle of loyalty and secrecy, desertion and reconciliation, love and solitariness that was the human drama of Donald Macleans life she lived well into her 90s before dying in New York in 2010, silent to the end about her years with one of Britains most infamous traitors. Then she drove off with the children. Aileen Philby had suffered since childhood from psychological problems which caused her to inflict injuries upon herself. PHILBY GB165-0229 Middle East Centre, St Antony's College, Oxford. [50] Burgess was sent back to England, where he met Maclean in his London club. "" ( : Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby ; 1 1912 - 11 1988) . A new expedition honours Harry St John Philby's exploration of the kingdom more than 100 years ago. She would be his silent witness for all the difficult years ahead. Barclay reported the complaint to London. [39][5], The intervention of Philby in the affair and the subsequent capture of Volkov by the Soviets might have seriously compromised Philby's position. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. When he was instructed to remove and replace his boss, Felix Cowgill, he asked if it was proposed "to shoot him or something", but was told to use bureaucratic intrigue. Maclean accused Philby of being a double agent working for the British and they stopped speaking. Philby died of heart failure in Moscow in 1988. [58] Philby wrote under his own name and under the pen name "Charles Garner" when writing about "fluffy" subjects. The gang of British spies who ended up in Moscow in the 1950s and 1960s were employed in KGB training schools and international research institutes. She flirted with other men and had affairs. Despite being forced to step down from his MI6 post, he maintained links with the service while working as correspondent for The Observer newspaper in the Middle East. In 1963 he was revealed to be a member of the Cambridge Five, a spy ring which had divulged British secrets to the Soviets during World War II and in the early stages of the Cold War. Philby's work led to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled traitor once he was exposed in Britain. [11][pageneeded], In July 1939, Philby returned to The Times office in London. He joined (1917) the British foreign service, was sent on a special mission to Arabia, and became the first European to visit the southern provinces of the Nejd. . [44] She was sent to a clinic in Switzerland to recover. [11][pageneeded], In February 1937, Philby travelled to Seville, Spain, then embroiled in a bloody civil war triggered by the coup d'tat of Falangist forces under General Francisco Franco against the democratic government of President Manuel Azaa. With his brilliant mind and First from Cambridge, Maclean could bask in being the superior intellect to an under-educated, attractive woman who was both affectionate and popular, where he was withdrawn, giving nothing of himself away. ] she was slight with curly, dark hair hope you 've enough decency left understand... Allowed him to the deaths of dozens of British agents, making him a reviled once! 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